The nurse observes that the legs of a child with cerebral palsy cross involuntarily, and the child exhibits jerky movements with his arms as he tries to eat. The nurse recognizes that he has which type of cerebral palsy?

Ataxic

Athetoid

Mixed

Spastic

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Ataxic cerebral palsy involves problems with balance and coordination. Movements may appear clumsy or unsteady but do not typically include muscle stiffness or involuntary crossing of the legs.

B. Athetoid (or dyskinetic) cerebral palsy is characterized by slow, writhing involuntary movements, especially of the face, trunk, and limbs. The child described has more jerky than writhing movements.

C. Mixed cerebral palsy includes symptoms of more than one type (e.g., spastic and athetoid). Although this is possible, the specific signs described (scissoring legs and jerky arm movements) are classic for spastic type.

D. Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form and is characterized by increased muscle tone (hypertonia), resulting in stiff muscles and awkward movements. Scissoring of the legs and jerky movements are hallmark signs.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Aspiration can occur in later stages of Parkinson disease due to impaired swallowing and muscle coordination, but it is not an initial symptom.
B. Dementia may develop as the disease progresses, but it is not typically seen in the early stages.
C. Akinesia, or the absence or loss of voluntary movement, may appear later but is not usually the first sign.
D. Pill-rolling movements of the hand(a type of resting tremor) are often one of the earliest signsof Parkinson disease and commonly prompt individuals to seek medical evaluation.

A. Postural hypotension B. Diplopia C. Dizziness with sudden head movement D. Hand tremors during voluntary movement

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A.Postural hypotension is more commonly associated with autonomic dysfunction (e.g., in Parkinson’s disease or dehydration) and is not a hallmark sign of myasthenia gravis.

B.Diplopia (double vision) is a classic symptom of myasthenia gravis. The disease causes weakness of voluntary muscles, especially those that control eye and eyelid movement, leading to visual disturbances.

C.Dizziness with sudden head movement is often linked to vestibular dysfunction (e.g., benign paroxysmal positional vertigo), not myasthenia gravis.

D.Hand tremors during voluntary movement are more suggestive of cerebellar disorders or essential tremor, not myasthenia gravis, which primarily causes muscle weakness without tremors.

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The nurse observes that the legs of a child with cerebral palsy cross involuntarily, and the child exhibits jerky movements with his arms as he tries to eat. The nurse recognizes that he has which type of cerebral palsy?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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