The patient newly diagnosed with epilepsy asks the nurse to explain the meaning of the diagnosis.
What is the nurse's best response?

Choice A rationale

Plaque formation in arteries does not start with platelets and fibrin.

Choice B rationale

Plaque begins with fatty streaks, which are the earliest signs of atherosclerosis and consist of lipid-laden cells in the arterial wall.

Choice C rationale

White blood cells are involved in the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis but do not represent the initial plaque formation.

Choice D rationale

Foam cells, which are lipid-laden macrophages, develop later in the process of plaque formation and contribute to the growth of atherosclerotic lesions. .

Choice A rationale

Coagulation studies assess the blood's ability to clot and are not directly related to the monitoring of phenytoin therapy. These tests are more relevant for patients with bleeding disorders or those on anticoagulant therapy.

Choice B rationale

Serum electrolytes, including levels of sodium, potassium, and calcium, are important for overall health but are not specifically indicative of phenytoin levels. Phenytoin may affect calcium metabolism, but it is not the primary focus for routine monitoring.

Choice C rationale

Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney function but do not directly monitor phenytoin therapy. Phenytoin is primarily metabolized in the liver, making liver function tests more relevant.

Choice D rationale

Blood glucose levels should be monitored in patients taking phenytoin as the drug can cause alterations in blood glucose levels. Both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia have been reported, so it is important to check glucose levels to ensure they remain within a normal range.