Which of the following are functions of estrogen? (Select all that apply)

Protects against heart disease

Helps regulate the menstrual cycle

Promotes bone growth

Increases testosterone production

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

A. Protects against heart disease: Estrogen has several effects on the cardiovascular system (improving lipid profile and vascular function) that are thought to reduce cardiovascular risk prior to menopause.
B. Helps regulate the menstrual cycle: Estrogen is a key ovarian hormone that helps regulate the growth of the endometrium and the timing of the menstrual cycle .
C. Promotes bone growth: Estrogen is essential for bone homeostasis, inhibiting bone resorption and helping maintain bone density .
D. Increases testosterone production: Estrogen does not increase testosterone production; testosterone is produced by Leydig cells in males (and ovaries/adrenals in females) and is not a primary product increased by estrogen .

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Tubular secretion involves the reabsorption of substances from the renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries.: That describes reabsorption, the opposite of secretion.
B. Tubular secretion is a passive process that occurs in the glomerulus, allowing the filtration of waste products.: Filtration in the glomerulus is a separate, largely passive process; tubular secretion is an active transport process occurring in the renal tubules.
C. Tubular secretion is the movement of substances from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules.: This correctly describes tubular secretion (e.g., H⁺, K⁺, drugs) .
D. Tubular secretion primarily occurs in the Bowman's capsule, facilitating the selective reabsorption of essential nutrients.: Bowman's capsule is the site of filtration, not tubular secretion; selective reabsorption occurs later in the tubules.

A. Calyx, nephron, collecting duct, urinary bladder, renal pelvis, ureter, urethra B. Nephron, collecting duct, calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra C. Nephron, renal pelvis, collecting duct, calyx, urinary bladder, urethra, ureter D. Collecting duct, nephron, renal pelvis, calyx, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Calyx, nephron, collecting duct, urinary bladder, renal pelvis, ureter, urethra: Sequence is wrong -filtrate is formed in nephron, flows into collecting duct, then into calyx → renal pelvis → ureter → bladder → urethra.
B. Nephron, collecting duct, calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra: Urine forms in nephron → drains into collecting duct → minor/major calyces → renal pelvis → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra for elimination.
C. Nephron, renal pelvis, collecting duct, calyx, urinary bladder, urethra, ureter:Renal pelvis and calyx order is swapped relative to collecting duct; ureter/bladder order is wrong.
D. Collecting duct, nephron, renal pelvis, calyx, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra:Collecting duct follows the nephron (not precedes it); calyx and pelvis ordering is

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Which of the following are functions of estrogen? (Select all that apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with impaired renal function and is reviewing the processes involved in urine formation. Which of the following statements best describes the process of tubular secretion in the nephron?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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