Which statement defines total lung capacity?
It is the air in the lungs after maximal inhalation.
It is the quantity of air that a person can move into or out of the lungs.
It is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration.
It is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after maximum inhalation.
The Correct Answer is A
A. It is the air in the lungs after maximal inhalation: Total lung capacity (TLC) refers to the total amount of air the lungs can hold after maximum inhalation.
B. It is the quantity of air that a person can move into or out of the lungs: This defines vital capacity, not total lung capacity.
C. It is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration: This describes functional residual capacity, not TLC.
D. It is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after maximum inhalation: This is the definition of vital capacity (VC), not total lung capacity.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Expiratory reserve volume: This is included in the calculation of vital capacity (VC = TV + IRV + ERV).
B. Tidal volume: This is also included in vital capacity.
C. Residual volume: The residual volume is the air that remains in the lungs after a forced exhalation and is not part of the vital capacity.
D. Inspiratory reserve volume: This is included in the calculation of vital capacity.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Pancreas: pancreas secretes enzymes such as amylase (for carbohydrate digestion), lipase (for fat digestion), and proteases (such as trypsin and chymotrypsin for protein digestion). These enzymes are secreted into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of chyme.
B. Stomach: Chyme is a semi-fluid mixture of partially digested food and digestive juices formed in the stomach. The stomach’s muscular contractions mix food with gastric secretions, resulting in this thick paste that is then gradually released into the small intestine for further digestion.
C. Small Intestine: While the small intestine further processes chyme through digestion and absorption, it does not produce it.
D. Large Intestine: The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter and forms waste, but it does not produce chyme.
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