Theories that view depression as a group of learned responses are called theories.

A. While hanging is a common method of suicide overall, it is more prevalent in males.
B. Similar to hanging, firearm use is more common among male suicide victims.
C. This is the most common method of suicide among female victims. It's important to note that while overdose is often less lethal than methods like hanging or firearms, it still carries a significant risk.
D. While drowning can be a method of suicide, it is less common compared to overdose, hanging, or firearm use.

A. Projection involves attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings or thoughts onto another person. However, in this case, the patient’s tantrum and crying are more about their own inability to handle the refusal rather than projecting feelings onto others.
B. Repression is a defense mechanism where distressing thoughts or feelings are unconsciously blocked from entering awareness. For instance, if the patient were to push aside their feelings of disappointment about not receiving the diet pills without expressing them, that would be repression.
C. Denial involves refusing to accept reality or facts that are distressing or threatening. However, the primary behavior in this situation is the tantrum and crying, which are more indicative of another defense mechanism rather than outright denial.
D. Regression is a defense mechanism where an individual reverts to behaviors characteristic of an
earlier developmental stage in response to stress or conflict. The patient’s crying and tantrum can be seen as regressive behavior because it reflects a return to more childlike or immature ways of handling frustration, similar to how a child might react to not getting what they want.