There are several factors that may cause a patient to present with sinus bradycardia. What are some causes of sinus bradycardia? (Select all that apply)

Beta blockers

Fever

Athletism

Sleeping

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

Choice A reason: Beta blockers are medications that can slow the heart rate, leading to sinus bradycardia. They are often prescribed for managing hypertension, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular conditions. They work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart, which reduces heart rate and blood pressure.

Choice B reason: Fever typically causes an increase in heart rate (tachycardia) rather than a decrease. The body's metabolic rate increases to fight infection, resulting in a higher heart rate.

Choice C reason: Athletism can result in sinus bradycardia because athletes often have a lower resting heart rate due to the increased efficiency of their cardiovascular system. Their hearts pump more effectively, requiring fewer beats per minute to circulate blood throughout the body.

Choice D reason: Sleeping naturally leads to a slower heart rate due to the relaxation of the body and reduced metabolic demands during rest. Sinus bradycardia during sleep is generally considered normal and not a cause for concern.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: The statement "I can change who serves as my health care proxy at any time" is correct. A client can modify or revoke their health care proxy designation as long as they are mentally competent.

Choice B reason: The statement "The health care proxy does not go into effect until I am incapable of making decisions" is accurate. The health care proxy is activated when the client is unable to make their own medical decisions.

Choice C reason: The statement "I have to choose a family member as my health proxy" indicates a need for clarification. A client is not required to choose a family member as their health care proxy; they can select any trusted individual to act in this capacity.

Choice D reason: The statement "My health care proxy can make decisions on my behalf if I am unable to do so" is correct. The purpose of a health care proxy is to appoint someone to make medical decisions when the client is incapacitated.

A. Hyperkalemia. B. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). C. Decreased creatinine level. D. Hypovolemia.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hyperkalemia is a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury due to reduced excretion of potassium by the kidneys. This electrolyte imbalance can have serious cardiac effects and should be expected and monitored in these patients.

Choice B reason: An increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) would not be expected in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Typically, GFR is decreased due to reduced kidney function during this phase.

Choice C reason: Decreased creatinine levels are not expected in acute kidney injury. Creatinine levels usually increase as kidney function declines and the body cannot adequately filter waste.

Choice D reason: Hypovolemia is not typically expected in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury, as oliguria (reduced urine output) often indicates fluid retention rather than fluid loss.

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There are several factors that may cause a patient to present with sinus bradycardia. What are some causes of sinus bradycardia? (Select all that apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has named a person to serve as his health care proxy. The client states he needs clarification about this type of advance directive. Which statement by the client indicates a need for clarification?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse in the med-surgical ICU is assessing a client in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed asthma. Which instructions should the nurse include to reduce the likelihood of an asthma attack? (Select all that apply)

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