There are several factors that may cause a patient to present with sinus bradycardia. What are some causes of sinus bradycardia? (Select all that apply)
Beta blockers
Fever
Athletism
Sleeping
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A reason: Beta blockers are medications that can slow the heart rate, leading to sinus bradycardia. They are often prescribed for managing hypertension, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular conditions. They work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart, which reduces heart rate and blood pressure.
Choice B reason: Fever typically causes an increase in heart rate (tachycardia) rather than a decrease. The body's metabolic rate increases to fight infection, resulting in a higher heart rate.
Choice C reason: Athletism can result in sinus bradycardia because athletes often have a lower resting heart rate due to the increased efficiency of their cardiovascular system. Their hearts pump more effectively, requiring fewer beats per minute to circulate blood throughout the body.
Choice D reason: Sleeping naturally leads to a slower heart rate due to the relaxation of the body and reduced metabolic demands during rest. Sinus bradycardia during sleep is generally considered normal and not a cause for concern.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Increased temperature is a common symptom of many infections, including otitis media, but it does not specifically indicate a tympanic membrane rupture. Fever may accompany the infection but is not a definitive sign of membrane rupture.
Choice B reason: Sudden pain relief can be an indicator of a tympanic membrane rupture in otitis media. This occurs because the pressure built up in the middle ear is suddenly released when the membrane ruptures. However, it is not the only definitive sign.
Choice C reason: A popping sensation when swallowing is a symptom associated with eustachian tube dysfunction rather than a tympanic membrane rupture. It indicates that there is a change in the pressure within the middle ear but not necessarily a rupture.
Choice D reason: Green-blue discharge in the ear canal is a classic sign of a tympanic membrane rupture. This discharge is usually pus mixed with blood from the middle ear and indicates that the membrane has ruptured, allowing the fluid to drain out. This finding is definitive and requires medical attention.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Bright light sensitivity is a common side effect following cataract surgery and can be managed with appropriate measures such as wearing sunglasses. It does not necessarily indicate a complication requiring immediate reporting.
Choice B reason: Difficulty seeing with a patch on one eye and fear of falling are valid concerns, but they do not necessarily indicate an immediate complication that requires urgent reporting to the healthcare provider.
Choice C reason: Eye itching is common after cataract surgery, and the client should be advised not to rub the eye to prevent infection or damage. This comment does not indicate a severe complication that needs immediate reporting.
Choice D reason: Severe eye pain that the client cannot stand is a potential sign of a serious complication, such as increased intraocular pressure, infection, or other postoperative issues. This requires immediate attention from the healthcare provider to prevent further complications and ensure the client's safety.
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