What are clinical manifestations of hypernatremia?
Neurological symptoms such as numbness and tingling of the hands and feet
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain and constipation
Neurological symptoms such as confusion, irritability, or lethargy
The Correct Answer is D
A. Neurological symptoms such as numbness and tingling of the hands and feet: Numbness and tingling are more commonly associated with electrolyte imbalances like hypocalcemia or hypokalemia, not hypernatremia.
B. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea: Hypernatremia typically causes neurological, not gastrointestinal, symptoms.
C. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain and constipation: Gastrointestinal symptoms are not the primary manifestation of hypernatremia.
D. Neurological symptoms such as confusion, irritability, or lethargy: Hypernatremia primarily affects the brain and neurological system, leading to symptoms like confusion, irritability, lethargy, and, in severe cases, seizures or coma.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["C","F"]
Explanation
A. Gastric ulceration: This is unrelated to lipid metabolism.
B. Vascular damage: This is a consequence of hyperlipidemia, not a risk factor.
C. Familial hypercholesterolemia: Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder that results in high cholesterol levels, leading to hyperlipidemia.
D. Hypercoagulability: This refers to an increased risk of blood clotting, not directly to hyperlipidemia.
E. Overexertion: This is not a risk factor for hyperlipidemia.
F. Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes is a metabolic condition that increases the risk of developing hyperlipidemia due to altered fat metabolism.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Renal cell carcinoma: This affects the kidneys, not the bladder. The symptoms and urinalysis findings here point toward bladder involvement.
B. Bladder adenoma: This is a benign tumor of the bladder and does not match the malignancy indicated by the urinalysis showing malignant epithelial cells.
C. Bladder cancer: Bladder cancer is associated with smoking and chronic bladder irritation. Malignant epithelial cells in the urine and the scheduled transurethral resection are consistent with a diagnosis of bladder cancer.
D. Renal epithelial cell cancer: This refers to cancer originating in the kidneys, which does not match the patient's primary symptoms of bladder involvement (UTI, urinary retention, and nocturia).
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