What components are included in a person-centered community? (Select all that apply.)

A. Constipation.

Explanation: Constipation is a common side effect of opioid medications like morphine. Older adults, particularly those on bed rest or with reduced mobility, are already at an increased risk of constipation. Morphine further contributes to this risk by slowing down bowel motility. Preventive measures such as promoting adequate hydration, encouraging fiber intake, and considering stool softeners can help prevent constipation in this scenario.

B. Poor solid food intake.

Explanation: While monitoring and addressing poor solid food intake are important for overall nutritional status, it may not be the immediate priority related to morphine use and postoperative care.

C. Poor liquid intake.

Explanation: Ensuring adequate fluid intake is important for overall hydration, but constipation is a more specific and immediate concern associated with opioid use.

D. Diarrhea.

Explanation: Diarrhea is not a common side effect of morphine and is less likely to be the priority for preventive care in this situation. Constipation is a more anticipated concern when opioids are prescribed.

A. Pointing to a grimacing face or crying

Explanation: This behavior may indicate pain or discomfort, and it's important to assess and address the underlying cause.

B. Staring off into space

Explanation: Staring off into space may suggest disorientation or confusion. It's essential to evaluate whether this behavior is a manifestation of the client's cognitive impairment or if there are other contributing factors.

C. Aggression

Explanation: Aggression can be a behavioral expression of distress or frustration in cognitively impaired individuals. Identifying triggers and employing appropriate interventions is crucial for the safety of the client and others.

D. Agitation

Explanation: Agitation, restlessness, or pacing may be signs of discomfort, anxiety, or frustration in cognitively impaired individuals. Identifying the cause and implementing strategies to reduce agitation are essential aspects of care.

E. Increased confusion

Explanation: A sudden increase in confusion may indicate an underlying issue, such as an infection, medication side effect, or environmental change. Regular assessment of cognitive status helps in detecting changes and addressing them promptly.

F. Decreased passivity

Explanation: Passivity, or a lack of activity or initiative, is not necessarily a specific symptom commonly associated with cognitive impairment. Observing for changes in behavior, mood, and cognitive status is important, but the term "decreased passivity" is not a standard indicator of cognitive impairment. Instead, it's essential to assess for changes in behavior that may indicate distress or unmet needs.