What genetic abnormality would a nurse expect in a client diagnosed with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)?
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
Fragile X syndrome
BRCA1 gene mutation
Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL fusion gene)
The Correct Answer is D
A. Trisomy 21 is a chromosomal disorder resulting in Down syndrome. While individuals with Down syndrome have an increased risk of developing certain leukemias (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia), it is not directly associated with CML.
B. Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, leading to intellectual disability and other developmental issues. It is not associated with CML or any form of leukemia. This option is unrelated to the genetic abnormalities seen in CML.
C. The BRCA1 gene mutation is associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers. While mutations in BRCA1 can affect cancer susceptibility, they are not linked to Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Thus, this option does not apply to CML.
D. The Philadelphia chromosome is a specific genetic abnormality found in the majority of patients with CML. It results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, creating the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which produces a tyrosine kinase that drives the proliferation of leukemic cells.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Multiple myeloma can lead to dehydration and kidney problems. Increasing fluid intake helps to prevent these complications and can also help to reduce the risk of infections.
B. This statement is incorrect. Aspirin should not be taken unless prescribed by a doctor. It can increase the risk of bleeding in people with multiple myeloma.
C. Multiple myeloma can weaken the immune system, making the client more susceptible to infections. Using fragrance-free gel soap can help to reduce the risk of skin irritation and infections.
D. Multiple myeloma can cause bone pain. Using analgesics as needed can help to manage this pain and improve the client's quality of life.
E. Multiple myeloma can weaken bones, increasing the risk of fractures. Installing grab bars in the shower can help to prevent falls and reduce the risk of injuries.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A.PSA is primarily associated with prostate health and is not an effective marker for diagnosing other male cancers. While elevated PSA levels can sometimes indicate issues related to the prostate, they are not used for diagnosing other types of cancer.
B. In fact, PSA levels are usually increased in the presence of prostate cancer. While there can be some conditions that lead to a decrease in PSA levels, cancer itself typically raises PSA levels.
C.PSA is commonly used as a screening tool for prostate cancer. Elevated PSA levels may prompt further investigation, including biopsies, to determine if cancer is present. However, it’s important to note that elevated PSA can also occur due to benign conditions like prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
D.While PSA levels can indicate the possibility of prostate cancer, they do not provide a definitive diagnosis. A diagnosis of prostate cancer typically requires further testing, such as a prostate biopsy, to confirm the presence of cancerous cells.
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