What genetic abnormality would a nurse expect in a client diagnosed with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)?

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Fragile X syndrome

BRCA1 gene mutation

Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL fusion gene)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Trisomy 21 is a chromosomal disorder resulting in Down syndrome. While individuals with Down syndrome have an increased risk of developing certain leukemias (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia), it is not directly associated with CML.
B.   Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, leading to intellectual disability and other developmental issues. It is not associated with CML or any form of leukemia. This option is unrelated to the genetic abnormalities seen in CML.
C.   The BRCA1 gene mutation is associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers. While mutations in BRCA1 can affect cancer susceptibility, they are not linked to Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Thus, this option does not apply to CML.
D.   The Philadelphia chromosome is a specific genetic abnormality found in the majority of patients with CML. It results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, creating the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which produces a tyrosine kinase that drives the proliferation of leukemic cells.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This choice suggests a high-stress job but includes a positive aspect—regular exercise. Regular physical activity is protective against stroke, and being active can help mitigate some risk factors. Therefore, this scenario does not indicate a high risk for stroke.
B. This choice does not present a significant risk factor for stroke. An uncomplicated vaginal birth is typically not associated with an increased risk of stroke. Factors like recent pregnancy could increase risk due to changes in blood coagulation, but 12 years post-birth is not relevant.
C. Moderate alcohol consumption, such as a glass of red wine, may have some cardiovascular benefits when done in moderation, and practicing yoga can be beneficial for stress reduction and overall health. Therefore, this option does not suggest a high risk for stroke.
D. Both smoking and the use of birth control pills significantly increase the risk of stroke, particularly in women. Smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can lead to thrombosis (blood clots).

A. Ischemic stroke B. Transischemic attack C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage D. Cardioembolic

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain is obstructed. Common symptoms include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, confusion, difficulty speaking, and visual disturbances. However, "thunderclap" headache and neck stiffness are not typical symptoms of an ischemic stroke.
B. A TIA, often referred to as a "mini-stroke," produces similar symptoms to a stroke but lasts for a short duration (typically less than 24 hours) and does not cause permanent damage. Symptoms can include weakness, speech difficulties, and visual changes, but again, "thunderclap" headache and neck stiffness are not characteristic of a TIA.
C. A subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when there is bleeding into the space between the brain and the tissues covering it, often due to a ruptured aneurysm. A "thunderclap" headache, described as an extremely sudden and severe headache, is a hallmark of this condition.
D. A cardioembolic stroke is a type of ischemic stroke that occurs when a blood clot forms in the heart and travels to the brain. Symptoms are similar to those of an ischemic stroke and do not typically include a "thunderclap" headache or neck stiffness.

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What genetic abnormality would a nurse expect in a client diagnosed with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is performing a health screening of a 37-year-old female client. Which factor(s) would alert the nurse that this client is at greatest risk for developing a stroke?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The client is admitted with complaints of photosensitivity, neck stiffness, and a "thunderclap" headache. The nurse recognizes that these clinical manifestations would present with which type of stroke?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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The nurse is caring for the client who has dysphagia following an ischemic stroke. The client is ordered a pureed diet starting today. Which intervention would be appropriate for this client?

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The client diagnosed with hyperlipidemia has experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Which medication would the nurse anticipate being ordered for the client on discharge?

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Which initial assessment finding(s) would the nurse expect in a client diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?

Which assessment data would indicate to the nurse that the client would be at risk for a hemorrhagic stroke?