What genetic abnormality would a nurse expect in a client diagnosed with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)?

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Fragile X syndrome

BRCA1 gene mutation

Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL fusion gene)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Trisomy 21 is a chromosomal disorder resulting in Down syndrome. While individuals with Down syndrome have an increased risk of developing certain leukemias (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia), it is not directly associated with CML.
B.   Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, leading to intellectual disability and other developmental issues. It is not associated with CML or any form of leukemia. This option is unrelated to the genetic abnormalities seen in CML.
C.   The BRCA1 gene mutation is associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers. While mutations in BRCA1 can affect cancer susceptibility, they are not linked to Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Thus, this option does not apply to CML.
D.   The Philadelphia chromosome is a specific genetic abnormality found in the majority of patients with CML. It results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, creating the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which produces a tyrosine kinase that drives the proliferation of leukemic cells.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This is a valid consideration. Patients receiving radioactive iodine may emit radiation, so placing them in a private room can help minimize exposure to family members and staff. Isolation may be more strictly enforced based on the dose administered and hospital protocols.
B. This is generally not required for radioactive iodine treatment. Patients are often advised to have a low-iodine diet in the weeks leading up to treatment, but complete fasting for 24 hours prior is not standard practice. Clear instructions from the healthcare provider should be followed regarding diet.
C. This is typically not a requirement. While some patients may be advised to avoid strenuous activities immediately after treatment, there is no strict guideline stating that all physical activity must be avoided for 72 hours. Patients are usually encouraged to follow normal activities while being mindful of minimizing close contact with others.
D. This statement is generally incorrect. While certain medications may need to be adjusted or stopped before radioactive iodine treatment (for instance, thyroid medications), it’s not a blanket recommendation to stop all medications for a week. Patients should consult with their healthcare provider for personalized advice regarding their specific medications.

A. "I should not exercise if I develop a leg ulcer." B. "I should buy my shoes in the afternoon." C. "I should dangle my legs when sitting." D. "I must wear compression stockings at all times."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While it's true that ulcers can be a serious complication of PAD and require careful management, exercise is generally encouraged in patients with PAD as long as it is safe and supervised. Patients should consult their healthcare provider about appropriate exercise, but not exercising altogether can worsen their condition.
B. Buying shoes in the afternoon is advisable because feet can swell throughout the day. It helps ensure a better fit and reduces the risk of blisters or skin breakdown, which is particularly important for clients with PAD.
C. This statement is generally correct, as dangling the legs can help improve circulation in some cases. Clients with PAD often experience relief when their legs are in a dependent position, as it may help increase blood flow to the extremities. However, they should also be encouraged to avoid prolonged periods of sitting.
D. This statement may indicate a misunderstanding. Compression stockings are typically used for venous issues rather than arterial diseases like PAD. In patients with PAD, wearing compression stockings may not be appropriate and could potentially compromise arterial blood flow.

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What genetic abnormality would a nurse expect in a client diagnosed with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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