What is a clinical presentation of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

A. The kidney senses decreased perfusion:

This occurs earlier in the RAAS sequence, triggering the release of renin — not the immediate next step after angiotensin I is produced.

B. Renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen:

This precedes the production of angiotensin I, not after.

C. Blood volume is raised and blood pressure is increased:

This is the final result of RAAS activation, not the step immediately following angiotensin I production.

D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme helps to produce angiotensin II in the lungs and to stimulate the adrenal gland to release aldosterone:

After angiotensin I is produced, it travels to the lungs where ACE converts it into angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that also triggers aldosterone release.

A. Endometriosis:

Endometriosis causes chronic pelvic pain but doesn't typically present with purulent discharge, fever, or foul-smelling discharge.

B. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID):

PID is an infection of the reproductive organs, often caused by untreated sexually transmitted infections. Symptoms like acute pelvic pain, fever, purulent vaginal discharge, and rebound pain are characteristic of PID.

C. Uterine leiomyomas:

Leiomyomas (fibroids) can cause pelvic pain but are not associated with infection, fever, or purulent discharge.

D. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS):

PCOS does not cause acute infection-like symptoms (fever, purulent discharge) as seen in PID.