A 22-year-old patient who uses IV drugs presents with intermittent fever with chills, night sweats, weakness, and bloody urine for the past three weeks. On examination, the skin shows pinpoint hemanthages. The echocardiogram shows abnormal growths on the heart valves.
Which condition is indicated by this patient's presentation?
Mitral stenosis
Angina pectoris
Aortic insufficiency
Infective endocarditis
The Correct Answer is D
A. Mitral stenosis:
Mitral stenosis is narrowing of the mitral valve, often due to rheumatic heart disease, not IV drug use or infection.
B. Angina pectoris:
Angina is chest pain due to ischemia, not infection or vegetation on heart valves.
C. Aortic insufficiency:
Aortic insufficiency is leakage of the aortic valve, leading to volume overload, not typically associated with infection and petechiae.
D. Infective endocarditis:
IV drug users are at high risk for infective endocarditis. Symptoms include fever, chills, weakness, petechiae, and vegetations seen on echocardiogram.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. They bind to infected cells and are activated by cytokines:
This describes cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ cells), which kill infected cells, not helper T cells.
B. They activate B cells and produce small cells called cytokines:
Helper T cells (CD4+ cells) stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and secrete cytokines to coordinate the immune response.
C. They destroy infected cells by producing proteins targeting cell membranes:
Again, this is the role of cytotoxic T cells, not helper T cells.
D. They are non-responsive during active infections:
Helper T cells are highly active during infections, directing other immune cells. They are not non-responsive.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Erectile dysfunction:
Erectile dysfunction is not an STI; it is a sexual health condition often related to physical or psychological issues.
B. Chancroid:
Chancroid is a bacterial STI caused by Haemophilus ducreyi, characterized by painful ulcers on the genital area.
C. Epispadias:
Epispadias is a congenital birth defect where the urethra does not develop properly. It is not an STI.
D. Orchitis:
Orchitis is inflammation of the testicles, often caused by infections (like mumps or other viral infections), but not typically classified as an STI.
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