What is the most common type of shock in children?
septic
anaphylactic
distributive
hypovolemic
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: This is not a good choice. Septic shock is a type of distributive shock that occurs when an infection causes a systemic inflammatory response that leads to vasodilation, hypotension, and organ dysfunction. Septic shock is not the most common type of shock in children, although it can be a serious and life-threatening condition.
Choice B reason: This is not a good choice. Anaphylactic shock is a type of distributive shock that occurs when an allergic reaction causes a severe and rapid hypersensitivity response that leads to bronchoconstriction, angioedema, and hypotension. Anaphylactic shock is not the most common type of shock in children, although it can be a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
Choice C reason: This is not a good choice. Distributive shock is a broad category of shock that occurs when there is a loss of vascular tone and blood volume distribution that leads to hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia. Distributive shock can be caused by various factors, such as sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurogenic injury, or adrenal insufficiency. Distributive shock is not the most common type of shock in children, although it can be a complex and challenging condition to manage.
Choice D reason: This is the correct choice. Hypovolemic shock is the most common type of shock in children. Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a loss of blood or fluid volume that leads to decreased preload, cardiac output, and blood pressure. Hypovolemic shock can be caused by various factors, such as hemorrhage, dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, or burns. Hypovolemic shock can be a life-threatening condition that requires prompt fluid resuscitation and correction of the underlying cause.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because the symptoms described by the mother are not typical of a formula allergy. A formula allergy would cause symptoms such as rash, hives, wheezing, or vomiting within minutes or hours of feeding. Switching to a soy based formula is not recommended without consulting a doctor, as some infants may also be allergic to soy.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because feeding the infant after vomiting and diarrhea may worsen the condition and cause more dehydration. The infant should be given small amounts of oral rehydration solution (ORS) or breastmilk to prevent fluid loss. If the infant cannot tolerate oral fluids or shows signs of severe dehydration, such as sunken eyes, dry mouth, or lethargy, they should be taken to the emergency department for intravenous rehydration.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because blood and mucous in the stool are not normal findings in infants and should be investigated promptly. They may indicate a serious condition such as intussusception, which is a telescoping of the bowel that causes obstruction and inflammation. The stool may look like currant jelly due to the presence of blood and mucous. Intussusception is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
Choice D reason: This is correct because the infant's symptoms may indicate a serious condition such as intussusception, which can be life-threatening if left untreated. The infant should be taken to the emergency room for further evaluation and management. The nurse should also advise the mother to monitor the infant's vital signs, hydration status, and urine output until they reach the hospital.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect, as maceration is not a clinical manifestation of scabies, but a condition of softening and breaking down of the skin due to prolonged exposure to moisture. Maceration can occur in areas where the skin folds or rubs together, such as the groin, armpits, or under the breasts.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as edema is not a clinical manifestation of scabies, but a condition of swelling due to excess fluid accumulation in the tissues. Edema can occur in various parts of the body, such as the legs, feet, hands, or face, due to various causes, such as heart failure, kidney disease, or allergic reactions.
Choice C reason: This statement is correct, as itching is the primary clinical manifestation of scabies, a contagious skin infection caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The mite burrows into the skin and lays eggs, causing an intense inflammatory response and pruritus. The itching is usually worse at night and affects the areas between the fingers, wrists, elbows, armpits, waist, buttocks, and genitals.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as severe pain is not a clinical manifestation of scabies, but a subjective sensation of physical discomfort or distress. Pain can occur in various parts of the body due to various causes, such as injury, inflammation, infection, or disease. Pain can be acute or chronic, and can be rated on a scale of 0 to 10.
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