What is the normal value (NV) for sodium in the blood.

Acute renal injury (ARI) is a term for a reversible syndrome that results in decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and oliguria. GFR is a measure of how well the kidneys filter blood and oliguria is a condition of producing less than normal amounts of urine.

Choice B is wrong because chronic renal injury (CRI) is not a reversible syndrome, but a progressive loss of kidney function over months or years.

Choice C is wrong because end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not a reversible syndrome, but a condition where the kidneys have lost most or all of their function and dialysis or transplantation is required.

Choice D is wrong because acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is not a term for a syndrome, but a specific type of acute kidney injury that involves damage to the tubules, the part of the nephron that reabsorbs water and solutes from the filtrate.

Dysuria, which means pain or a burning sensation when peeing, is a common symptom of urinary tract infection (UTI).

UTIs are caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract through the urethra and spreading to the bladder or kidneys.

Choice A is wrong because nausea is not a specific symptom of UTI, although it may occur if the infection spreads to the kidneys.

Choice B is wrong because diarrhea is not a symptom of UTI, but rather a condition that affects the digestive system.

Choice D is wrong because constipation is also not a symptom of UTI, but a problem with bowel movements.

Normal ranges for urine tests vary depending on the type of test and the laboratory that performs it.

However, some general ranges are:

Specific gravity: 1.005 to 1.030

pH: 4.6 to 8.0

Protein: less than 150 mg/dL Glucose: less than 130 mg/dL Ketones: none

Blood: none Nitrites: none

Leukocyte esterase: none Bacteria: none or few

White blood cells: less than 5 per high-power field Red blood cells: less than 3 per high-power field Epithelial cells: few