What is the primary risk factor for colon cancer?
Alcohol consumption
Smoking
Chronic inflammatory
Age
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: While alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for colon cancer, it is not considered the primary risk factor. Excessive alcohol intake can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer, but its impact is less significant compared to age.
Choice B reason: Smoking is another risk factor for colon cancer, and long-term tobacco use has been linked to an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, it is not the primary risk factor. Smoking primarily affects the lungs but also has systemic effects that can contribute to various cancers, including colorectal cancer.
Choice C reason: Chronic inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, can increase the risk of colon cancer. Chronic inflammation can lead to cellular changes and damage in the colon, which may eventually result in cancer. However, age remains the most significant risk factor.
Choice D reason: Age is the primary risk factor for colon cancer. The risk of developing colorectal cancer increases significantly with age, with the majority of cases occurring in individuals over the age of 50. As people age, the likelihood of genetic mutations and cellular damage accumulates, increasing the risk of cancer development.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Exercise has been shown to decrease the cardiovascular effects of excessive glucose. Regular physical activity helps improve cardiovascular health by reducing blood pressure, improving cholesterol levels, and enhancing blood flow. In individuals with type 2 diabetes, exercise can help lower blood glucose levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications, which are common in diabetes due to chronic high blood glucose levels.
Choice B reason: Skeletal muscles can indeed use glucose without a proportionate insulin amount during exercise. This is because exercise increases insulin sensitivity and allows muscles to take up glucose more efficiently. As a result, physical activity can help lower blood glucose levels and improve overall glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Choice C reason: Exercise decreases stress, which is beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Physical activity helps release endorphins, which are natural stress relievers. Lower stress levels can help improve blood glucose control, as stress hormones like cortisol can raise blood glucose levels. Therefore, reducing stress through exercise can contribute to better diabetes management.
Choice D reason: All of the above reasons are correct. Exercise is encouraged in type 2 diabetes because it provides multiple benefits, including improving cardiovascular health, enhancing glucose uptake by skeletal muscles, and reducing stress levels. These combined effects help improve overall blood glucose control and reduce the risk of complications associated with type 2 diabetes.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy and typically resolves after childbirth. It is not typically associated with Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketoic (HHNK) Syndrome, which is a specific complication of type 2 diabetes.
Choice B reason: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and high blood glucose levels. HHNK is a serious acute complication of type 2 diabetes, occurring when blood glucose levels become extremely high, leading to severe dehydration and hyperosmolarity without significant ketoacidosis. This condition requires immediate medical attention.
Choice C reason: While both type 1 and type 2 diabetes involve issues with blood glucose regulation, HHNK is specifically associated with type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes complications more commonly include Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), rather than HHNK.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels. However, the primary acute complication of type 1 diabetes is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), not HHNK. HHNK is distinct to type 2 diabetes, where insulin resistance leads to extremely high blood glucose levels and severe dehydration.
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