A nurse is performing frequent catheterizations for residual urine. What causes the greatest concern for the nurse?
Introduction of pathogens into the bladder
Frequent genital exposure of the patient
Presence of the indwelling catheter
Causing urethral erosion
The Correct Answer is A
A. Introduction of pathogens into the bladder: Repeated catheterizations significantly increase the risk of introducing pathogens, leading to urinary tract infections.
B. Frequent genital exposure of the patient: While exposure may be uncomfortable for the patient, it is not the greatest concern.
C. Presence of the indwelling catheter: This question refers to frequent catheterizations, not an indwelling catheter, though both carry infection risks.
D. Causing urethral erosion: Urethral trauma can occur but is less concerning than infection.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Equal to the excretion of urea: Urea excretion contributes to osmolality but does not define it.
B. In a ratio of 10:1 with the serum: This is not a recognized ratio for urine and serum osmolality.
C. Approximately half of the serum: In a healthy kidney, urine osmolality may vary but typically equals serum osmolality in a state of balance.
D. Equal to the osmolality of the serum: Under normal conditions, the kidney regulates urine osmolality to maintain a balance with serum osmolality, reflecting adequate kidney function.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Interstitial cystitis (although rare in a male patient): Interstitial cystitis is a chronic condition typically diagnosed after other causes, like infection, are ruled out.
B. Cystitis, probably from bacterial contamination: Symptoms such as urgency, frequency, suprapubic pain, and cloudy urine strongly suggest a urinary tract infection (UTI), specifically bacterial cystitis.
C. Urinary calculi, probably located in the ureter: While urinary calculi may cause similar symptoms, dark cloudy urine is more indicative of infection than stones.
D. Kidney infection, most likely pyelonephritis: Pyelonephritis typically presents with systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, and flank pain, which are not described here.
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