What key concepts are commonly found in nursing theories and models? (Select all that apply.)
Client
Environment
Health
Nursing
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
Client: Clients or patients are at the center of nursing care, and their well-being is a primary focus of nursing theories and models.
Environment: The environment in which the client exists, including physical, social, and cultural factors, is often considered in nursing models. It can influence a client's health and well-being.
Health: Health is a central concept in nursing theories. Different models may define health in various ways, such as the absence of disease, a state of well-being, or the ability to function at one's fullest potential.
Nursing: Nursing itself is a key concept in nursing theories and models. These theories often outline the role of the nurse, their responsibilities, and their impact on the client's health and well-being.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Maintains stability: Negative feedback in a system is a regulatory mechanism that helps maintain stability and homeostasis. When a deviation occurs from a set point, negative feedback mechanisms work to bring the system back to its normal state, thus maintaining stability.
Encourages change: Negative feedback doesn't encourage change; rather, it resists change and maintains the status quo.
Produces change: Positive feedback mechanisms produce change by amplifying the initial deviation from the normal state, while negative feedback works to counteract these deviations and restore stability.
Improves the system: While negative feedback maintains stability, whether it improves the system or not depends on the context. It can be beneficial for maintaining internal balance, but in some cases, it might not necessarily lead to system improvement, especially if the system is functioning optimally already.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order is indeed legally separate from advance directives. While both deal with medical interventions, they are distinct concepts:
Advance directives are legal documents that allow individuals to specify their medical treatment preferences in case they become unable to communicate or make decisions. These can include living wills, durable power of attorney for healthcare, and healthcare proxies. Advance directives provide a broader set of instructions regarding medical care and decision-making.
DNR orders, on the other hand, specifically address the issue of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A DNR order instructs healthcare providers not to attempt CPR if a person's heart stops beating or they stop breathing. DNR orders are often a part of a person's broader advance directives, but they focus specifically on resuscitation efforts.
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