What laboratory value change should indicate to a nurse that a patient with renal failure has entered the oliguric stage?
Blood volume decreases.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level rises
Urine osmolality increases.
Serum calcium increases.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Blood volume decreases: While fluid imbalances are common in renal failure, the oliguric stage is marked by fluid retention, not decreased blood volume.
B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level rises: The oliguric stage is characterized by reduced urine output, leading to waste product accumulation, including elevated BUN levels.
C. Urine osmolality increases: In renal failure, urine osmolality may remain low or not reflect changes due to impaired kidney function.
D. Serum calcium increases: Serum calcium often decreases in renal failure due to disturbances in vitamin D metabolism and phosphate retention.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The antibiotic protocol is completed: While antibiotics may be used for secondary infections, they are not directly related to lifting activity restrictions.
B. Potassium levels are normal: Potassium levels are relevant to kidney function but do not dictate bed rest.
C. Dialysis starts: Dialysis is not typically required in acute glomerulonephritis unless there is severe kidney failure.
D. Blood pressure drops to normal levels: In acute glomerulonephritis, hypertension is a common complication, and activity is often restricted until blood pressure stabilizes.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hematuria with abdominal bruising: Hematuria refers to blood in the urine but is not directly associated with the bruising characteristic of Grey Turner sign.
B. Bladder spasms on palpation of the abdomen: This does not describe Grey Turner sign, which is related to bleeding.
C. Distended bladder with painful urination: Grey Turner sign is not linked to bladder distension or urination issues.
D. Retroperitoneal bleeding and bruising over the flank: Grey Turner sign indicates retroperitoneal bleeding and is observed as bruising on the flanks, often a result of trauma or pancreatitis.
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