What laboratory value change should indicate to a nurse that a patient with renal failure has entered the oliguric stage?

Blood volume decreases.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level rises

Urine osmolality increases.

Serum calcium increases.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Blood volume decreases: While fluid imbalances are common in renal failure, the oliguric stage is marked by fluid retention, not decreased blood volume.

B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level rises: The oliguric stage is characterized by reduced urine output, leading to waste product accumulation, including elevated BUN levels.

C. Urine osmolality increases: In renal failure, urine osmolality may remain low or not reflect changes due to impaired kidney function.

D. Serum calcium increases: Serum calcium often decreases in renal failure due to disturbances in vitamin D metabolism and phosphate retention.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Convert weight to kilograms:

154lb÷2.2=70kg.

Calculate daily fluid intake:

70kg×30mL=2100mL.

A. pyuria B. hematuria C. confusion D. dysuria

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Pyuria: Pyuria (pus in the urine) is a sign of UTI but is not the most common symptom in the elderly.

B. Hematuria: Blood in the urine may occur but is not as common in the elderly as confusion.

C. Confusion: In elderly patients, confusion or altered mental status is often the first and most prominent sign of a UTI due to their atypical presentation of infections.

D. Dysuria: Painful urination is a classic symptom of UTI but may not be as apparent in elderly patients as confusion.

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What laboratory value change should indicate to a nurse that a patient with renal failure has entered the oliguric stage?

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