What manifestation indicates poor perfusion?
Warm skin
Pink nailbeds
Strong pulses
Pale lips
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Warm skin indicates adequate blood flow and perfusion, often seen in normal or hyperemic states. Poor perfusion, due to reduced blood flow, typically causes cool skin as less warm blood reaches tissues, making this choice incorrect for poor perfusion.
Choice B reason: Pink nailbeds reflect good oxygenation and perfusion, as hemoglobin carries oxygen effectively to capillaries. Poor perfusion leads to pale or cyanotic nailbeds due to reduced blood flow or oxygen delivery, making this choice incorrect for indicating poor perfusion.
Choice C reason: Strong pulses indicate robust blood flow and adequate perfusion, as the heart pumps blood effectively to peripheral tissues. Poor perfusion is associated with weak or thready pulses due to low cardiac output, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Pale lips indicate poor perfusion, as reduced blood flow to peripheral tissues results in less hemoglobin delivering oxygen, causing pallor. This is a classic sign of hypoperfusion, often seen in shock or circulatory compromise, making this the correct choice.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Air trapping in COPD, due to alveolar destruction and loss of elasticity, causes lung overinflation, increasing the anteroposterior chest diameter, resulting in a barrel chest. This is a direct consequence, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Cyanosis occurs in COPD from hypoxia due to impaired gas exchange, not directly from air trapping. While common in advanced disease, it is not the primary manifestation of overinflation, making this incorrect.
Choice C reason: Clubbed fingers result from chronic hypoxia in COPD, not directly from air trapping. They develop over time due to tissue remodeling, not lung overinflation, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Lack of appetite is a systemic symptom in advanced COPD due to energy expenditure or hypoxia, not a direct result of air trapping or lung overinflation, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Cell-mediated immunity, part of adaptive immunity, targets specific pathogens after exposure, not species-specific barriers. It is not the primary defense against cross-species transmission, making this choice incorrect for species-specific immunity.
Choice B reason: Natural immunity is a vague term, often meaning innate or acquired immunity. It is not specifically species-specific, as innate immunity provides the primary barrier to zoonotic diseases, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Acquired immunity develops after exposure or vaccination, targeting specific pathogens. It is not species-specific and does not primarily prevent animal-to-human disease spread, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Innate immunity, including species-specific barriers like skin and mucosal defenses, prevents pathogen transmission across species. These non-specific mechanisms reduce zoonotic disease risk, making this the correct choice for species-specific immunity.
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