What manifestation indicates poor perfusion?
Warm skin
Pink nailbeds
Strong pulses
Pale lips
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Warm skin indicates adequate blood flow and perfusion, often seen in normal or hyperemic states. Poor perfusion, due to reduced blood flow, typically causes cool skin as less warm blood reaches tissues, making this choice incorrect for poor perfusion.
Choice B reason: Pink nailbeds reflect good oxygenation and perfusion, as hemoglobin carries oxygen effectively to capillaries. Poor perfusion leads to pale or cyanotic nailbeds due to reduced blood flow or oxygen delivery, making this choice incorrect for indicating poor perfusion.
Choice C reason: Strong pulses indicate robust blood flow and adequate perfusion, as the heart pumps blood effectively to peripheral tissues. Poor perfusion is associated with weak or thready pulses due to low cardiac output, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Pale lips indicate poor perfusion, as reduced blood flow to peripheral tissues results in less hemoglobin delivering oxygen, causing pallor. This is a classic sign of hypoperfusion, often seen in shock or circulatory compromise, making this the correct choice.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Cell-mediated immunity, part of adaptive immunity, targets specific pathogens after exposure, not species-specific barriers. It is not the primary defense against cross-species transmission, making this choice incorrect for species-specific immunity.
Choice B reason: Natural immunity is a vague term, often meaning innate or acquired immunity. It is not specifically species-specific, as innate immunity provides the primary barrier to zoonotic diseases, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Acquired immunity develops after exposure or vaccination, targeting specific pathogens. It is not species-specific and does not primarily prevent animal-to-human disease spread, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Innate immunity, including species-specific barriers like skin and mucosal defenses, prevents pathogen transmission across species. These non-specific mechanisms reduce zoonotic disease risk, making this the correct choice for species-specific immunity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Decreased hydrostatic pressure reduces fluid movement out of capillaries, favoring fluid return to the intravascular space. Low plasma proteins affect oncotic, not hydrostatic, pressure, causing fluid to leak into tissues, not return to vessels, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Increased hydrostatic pressure, as in heart failure, pushes fluid into the interstitial space. Low plasma proteins reduce oncotic pressure, not hydrostatic, leading to edema via a different mechanism, making this choice incorrect for the described scenario.
Choice C reason: Low plasma proteins, like albumin, decrease oncotic (osmotic) pressure, reducing the force pulling fluid into capillaries. This causes fluid to move from the intravascular to the interstitial space, leading to edema, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Increased osmotic pressure would pull fluid into the intravascular space, as with high plasma protein levels. Low plasma proteins decrease oncotic pressure, causing fluid to leak into tissues, not return to vessels, making this choice incorrect.
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