Which of the following demonstrates the pathophysiological process occurring in atelectasis?
Overinflated alveoli leading to air trapping.
Collapse of alveoli impairing ventilation and perfusion.
Activation of the inflammatory response and inflammation of the bronchi.
Activation of the inflammatory response and congestion in the alveoli.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Overinflated alveoli and air trapping occur in emphysema or COPD, not atelectasis. Atelectasis involves alveolar collapse, reducing lung volume and gas exchange, not overinflation, making this choice incorrect for the pathophysiology of atelectasis.
Choice B reason: Atelectasis is the collapse of alveoli, often due to obstruction, compression, or surfactant deficiency, impairing ventilation and perfusion. This reduces gas exchange, causing hypoxia, and matches the pathophysiological process, making this the correct choice for atelectasis.
Choice C reason: Inflammation of the bronchi (bronchitis) involves airway inflammation, not alveolar collapse. Atelectasis results from physical collapse of alveoli, not primarily inflammatory processes, making this choice incorrect for atelectasis’s pathophysiology.
Choice D reason: Inflammatory congestion in alveoli describes pneumonia or pulmonary edema, not atelectasis. Atelectasis involves alveolar collapse, reducing ventilation without primary inflammation or fluid accumulation, making this choice incorrect for the described process.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Landing on the feet from a high fall causes axial loading, compressing the spinal column, often resulting in a compression injury to the spinal cord. This damages cord tissue, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Transection involves complete severing of the spinal cord, typically from penetrating trauma. A fall causing compression is less likely to fully transect the cord, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Hyperflexion injuries occur when the spine bends forward excessively, as in whiplash. A fall on the feet causes vertical compression, not forward bending, making this choice incorrect for the injury.
Choice D reason: Hyperextension involves backward bending of the spine, not typical in a fall on the feet, which causes axial compression. This mechanism does not fit the described injury, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia due to low parathyroid hormone, reducing calcium levels. Low calcium leads to neuromuscular excitability, causing muscle cramps and tetany, a hallmark symptom, making this the correct manifestation of hypoparathyroidism.
Choice B reason: Increased urination is associated with diabetes or hypercalcemia, not hypoparathyroidism. Hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia, which does not directly affect urine output, making this choice incorrect for the condition’s manifestations.
Choice C reason: Weight gain is not a direct manifestation of hypoparathyroidism. Hypocalcemia affects neuromuscular function, not metabolism or weight. Hypothyroidism may cause weight gain, but hypoparathyroidism does not, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Hypertension is not typical of hypoparathyroidism, which causes hypocalcemia and neuromuscular symptoms. Hyperparathyroidism or other conditions may cause hypertension via hypercalcemia, but hypoparathyroidism does not, making this choice incorrect.
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