Which statement best describes emphysema?
It is a chronic disease characterized by hypocapnia.
It is a chronic disease characterized by hypercapnia.
It is an acute disease characterized by hypercapnia.
It is an acute disease characterized by hypocapnia.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Emphysema, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causes air trapping, reducing CO2 exhalation, leading to hypercapnia, not hypocapnia. Hypocapnia occurs with hyperventilation, not chronic lung destruction, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Emphysema is a chronic disease involving alveolar destruction, reducing gas exchange and causing air trapping. This impairs CO2 exhalation, leading to hypercapnia, a hallmark of advanced disease, making this the correct choice.
Choice C reason: Emphysema is a chronic, not acute, condition. While hypercapnia occurs due to impaired gas exchange, the acute classification is incorrect, as emphysema develops gradually, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Emphysema is not an acute disease, and hypocapnia is not typical. It is a chronic condition with hypercapnia from CO2 retention due to alveolar damage, making this choice incorrect.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Passive natural immunity occurs via natural antibody transfer, like breast milk. Infusion of antibodies is an artificial process, not natural, providing temporary protection, making this choice incorrect for the described immunity type.
Choice B reason: Active artificial immunity involves vaccination, stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies. Antibody infusion provides pre-formed antibodies, not active production, making this choice incorrect for the described immunity mechanism.
Choice C reason: Active natural immunity results from natural infection, leading to the body’s antibody production. Infusion of antibodies is artificial and passive, not requiring immune activation, making this choice incorrect for the scenario.
Choice D reason: Passive artificial immunity occurs when pre-formed antibodies are infused, providing immediate but temporary protection without immune system activation. This matches the described antibody infusion, making this the correct choice.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acidosis does not enhance gastrointestinal potassium absorption. Hyperkalemia in acidosis results from cellular shifts, not increased absorption, as hydrogen ions affect potassium movement, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Acidosis does not increase renal potassium excretion; it causes hyperkalemia by shifting potassium out of cells. Hypokalemia may occur in alkalosis, not acidosis, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Acidosis causes hyperkalemia as excess hydrogen ions enter cells to buffer pH, displacing potassium into the bloodstream. This cellular shift elevates serum potassium, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Acidosis promotes potassium release from cells, not uptake, causing hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia occurs in alkalosis, where potassium enters cells, making this choice incorrect for acidosis effects.
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