Which statement best describes emphysema?
It is a chronic disease characterized by hypocapnia.
It is a chronic disease characterized by hypercapnia.
It is an acute disease characterized by hypercapnia.
It is an acute disease characterized by hypocapnia.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Emphysema, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causes air trapping, reducing CO2 exhalation, leading to hypercapnia, not hypocapnia. Hypocapnia occurs with hyperventilation, not chronic lung destruction, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Emphysema is a chronic disease involving alveolar destruction, reducing gas exchange and causing air trapping. This impairs CO2 exhalation, leading to hypercapnia, a hallmark of advanced disease, making this the correct choice.
Choice C reason: Emphysema is a chronic, not acute, condition. While hypercapnia occurs due to impaired gas exchange, the acute classification is incorrect, as emphysema develops gradually, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Emphysema is not an acute disease, and hypocapnia is not typical. It is a chronic condition with hypercapnia from CO2 retention due to alveolar damage, making this choice incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pyelonephritis, a bacterial kidney infection, causes intrarenal AKI by directly damaging renal parenchyma through inflammation and tubular injury. The infection disrupts nephron function, reducing filtration and leading to acute kidney injury, making this a correct cause of intrarenal damage.
Choice B reason: Nephrotoxins, such as certain drugs or chemicals, cause intrarenal AKI by directly injuring tubular epithelial cells. This disrupts renal filtration and reabsorption, leading to acute kidney injury through toxic cellular damage, making this a correct cause of intrarenal AKI.
Choice C reason: A bladder tumor causes postrenal AKI by obstructing urine outflow, leading to backpressure on the kidneys. It does not directly damage renal parenchyma, as intrarenal AKI requires, making this choice incorrect for intrarenal causes of kidney injury.
Choice D reason: Dehydration causes prerenal AKI by reducing blood volume and renal perfusion, not directly damaging the renal parenchyma. Intrarenal AKI involves intrinsic kidney damage, so dehydration’s hypoperfusion effect makes this choice incorrect for intrarenal AKI.
Choice E reason: Ureteral obstruction causes postrenal AKI by blocking urine flow, increasing pressure on the kidneys. It does not involve direct parenchymal damage, as required for intrarenal AKI, making this choice incorrect for the specified type of kidney injury.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Addison’s disease causes adrenal insufficiency, reducing aldosterone, leading to sodium loss and decreased blood volume, causing hypotension. This is a hallmark symptom due to impaired vascular tone, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Hyperglycemia is not typical in Addison’s disease. Cortisol deficiency may cause hypoglycemia due to reduced gluconeogenesis, not elevated glucose, making this choice incorrect for Addison’s manifestations.
Choice C reason: Weight gain is not associated with Addison’s disease, which causes weight loss due to reduced cortisol, leading to decreased appetite and metabolism. This makes the choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Hypernatremia does not occur in Addison’s disease. Aldosterone deficiency causes sodium loss, leading to hyponatremia, not elevated sodium, making this choice incorrect for Addison’s disease.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.