What manifestation occurs due to air trapping and overinflation of the lungs in a person with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Barrel chest
Cyanosis
Clubbed fingers
Lack of appetite
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Air trapping in COPD, due to alveolar destruction and loss of elasticity, causes lung overinflation, increasing the anteroposterior chest diameter, resulting in a barrel chest. This is a direct consequence, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Cyanosis occurs in COPD from hypoxia due to impaired gas exchange, not directly from air trapping. While common in advanced disease, it is not the primary manifestation of overinflation, making this incorrect.
Choice C reason: Clubbed fingers result from chronic hypoxia in COPD, not directly from air trapping. They develop over time due to tissue remodeling, not lung overinflation, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Lack of appetite is a systemic symptom in advanced COPD due to energy expenditure or hypoxia, not a direct result of air trapping or lung overinflation, making this choice incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Heart failure is a consequence of CAD, not a cause. It results from impaired cardiac function, often due to ischemia from CAD, but does not directly contribute to coronary artery plaque formation, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Pneumonia affects the lungs, causing infection and inflammation, not coronary arteries. It may increase cardiac demand, but it does not cause atherosclerosis or CAD, making this choice incorrect for CAD development.
Choice C reason: Low blood pressure does not cause CAD; it may result from cardiac issues. CAD is driven by atherosclerosis from risk factors like diabetes, not hypotension, making this choice incorrect for causing CAD.
Choice D reason: Diabetes causes CAD by promoting atherosclerosis through hyperglycemia, which damages endothelial cells, increases inflammation, and accelerates plaque formation in coronary arteries. This is a major risk factor, making this the correct choice.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: SIADH causes excessive antidiuretic hormone, leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Low serum sodium results from increased water reabsorption in the kidneys, causing neurological symptoms, making this the correct manifestation.
Choice B reason: Hyperkalemia is not associated with SIADH, which affects water balance, not potassium. Potassium imbalances occur in adrenal or renal disorders, not SIADH’s water retention mechanism, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Hyperglycemia is unrelated to SIADH, which involves water retention and sodium dilution. Glucose levels are affected by diabetes, not antidiuretic hormone dysfunction, making this choice incorrect for SIADH manifestations.
Choice D reason: Hypertension may occur in SIADH due to fluid overload, but it is not the primary manifestation. Hyponatremia is more specific, as water retention directly dilutes sodium, making this choice incorrect.
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