What manifestation occurs due to air trapping and overinflation of the lungs in a person with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Choice A reason: A metabolic deficit of dystrophin causing muscle cell necrosis describes muscular dystrophy, not osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis involves joint cartilage degradation, not muscle pathology. Dystrophin deficiency affects muscle fiber integrity, unrelated to the joint-specific degenerative process of osteoarthritis, making this choice incorrect.

Choice B reason: Bone infection, or osteomyelitis, is caused by bacteria or fungi, leading to bone destruction. Osteoarthritis is a non-infectious degenerative condition affecting cartilage and subchondral bone due to mechanical stress and aging, not infection, making this choice incorrect for osteoarthritis’s pathophysiology.

Choice C reason: Loss of bone matrix causing fragile bones describes osteoporosis, not osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis primarily involves cartilage breakdown and joint inflammation, with secondary bone changes like osteophytes, not systemic bone density loss, making this choice incorrect for the joint-focused pathology.

Choice D reason: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage loss due to mechanical stress, inflammation, and aging. This leads to joint pain, stiffness, and bone remodeling, such as osteophyte formation, accurately describing the pathophysiology and making this the correct choice.

Choice A reason: Chronic asthma involves persistent symptoms managed over time, not an acute, life-threatening event. Status asthmaticus is an acute, severe exacerbation unresponsive to standard treatments, requiring urgent intervention, making this choice incorrect for describing status asthmaticus.

Choice B reason: An asthma attack triggered by exercise is exercise-induced bronchospasm, not status asthmaticus. Status asthmaticus is a severe, prolonged attack resistant to therapy, not defined by a specific trigger like exercise, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: A mild asthma attack resolving with bronchodilators responds to standard therapy, unlike status asthmaticus, which is a severe, life-threatening attack unresponsive to bronchodilators and corticosteroids, requiring intensive care, making this choice incorrect for the condition.

Choice D reason: Status asthmaticus is a severe, prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatments like bronchodilators and corticosteroids. It causes critical airway obstruction and hypoxia, requiring aggressive medical intervention, accurately describing the condition and making this the correct choice.