How does type 2 diabetes result in chronic renal failure?
Excessive insulin production by the pancreas causes renal toxicity.
Glucose crystals obstruct the flow of urine through the ureters.
An autoimmune process causes the destruction of renal tissue.
High blood sugar damages the small blood vessels in the kidneys.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance, not excessive insulin production, which declines over time. Insulin does not cause renal toxicity; hyperglycemia damages kidneys, making this choice incorrect for the mechanism of renal failure.
Choice B reason: Glucose crystals do not form in type 2 diabetes to obstruct ureters. Hyperglycemia damages renal vasculature, not urine flow, leading to diabetic nephropathy, making this choice incorrect for chronic renal failure’s mechanism.
Choice C reason: An autoimmune process destroying renal tissue is not typical of type 2 diabetes. Autoimmune damage occurs in type 1 diabetes or glomerulonephritis, not type 2-related renal failure, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: High blood sugar in type 2 diabetes damages renal microvasculature, particularly glomerular capillaries, causing diabetic nephropathy. This leads to proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and chronic renal failure, making this the correct mechanism for kidney damage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Prolonged nasogastric suctioning removes gastric acid (HCl), reducing hydrogen ions in the blood, leading to metabolic alkalosis. This is reflected by elevated pH (7.50) and increased HCO3 (28 mEq/L), with normal PaCO2 as the lungs have not yet compensated. This matches the expected acid-base imbalance, making it correct.
Choice B reason: This result shows a slightly acidic pH (7.34) with normal PaCO2 and low HCO3, suggesting metabolic acidosis. Nasogastric suctioning causes loss of acid, not base, so it does not lead to acidosis. This imbalance is inconsistent with the alkalosis expected from gastric acid loss, making it incorrect.
Choice C reason: This result indicates a low pH (7.32) and elevated PaCO2, suggesting respiratory acidosis with partial compensation (normal HCO3). Nasogastric suctioning affects gastric acid, causing metabolic, not respiratory, alkalosis. The respiratory parameters here do not align with the condition’s pathophysiology, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: This result shows an elevated pH (7.46) and low PaCO2, indicating respiratory alkalosis, likely from hyperventilation, with normal HCO3. Nasogastric suctioning causes metabolic alkalosis due to acid loss, not respiratory changes. The low PaCO2 does not fit the expected metabolic profile, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Genetic mutations causing insulin resistance describe type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency, not resistance, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Excessive carbohydrate intake does not cause type 1 diabetes, which is autoimmune. It may exacerbate hyperglycemia in diabetes but is not the primary cause, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Pancreatic damage from alcohol can cause pancreatitis, not type 1 diabetes. Type 1 is autoimmune, destroying insulin-producing beta cells, unrelated to alcohol-induced damage, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Autoantibodies target beta cells, causing hyperglycemia, making this the correct pathophysiological cause.
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