What can cause hyponatremia?
Loss of the thirst mechanism
Excessive aldosterone secretion
Excessive sweating
Prolonged periods of rapid, deep respirations
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Loss of the thirst mechanism causes dehydration and hypernatremia, not hyponatremia, as water loss concentrates sodium. Hyponatremia requires excess water or sodium loss, making this choice incorrect for causing low sodium levels.
Choice B reason: Excessive aldosterone secretion causes sodium retention and hypernatremia, as it promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys. Hyponatremia involves sodium loss or dilution, not retention, making this choice incorrect for causing hyponatremia.
Choice C reason: Excessive sweating causes loss of sodium-containing fluids, leading to hyponatremia if water is replaced without electrolytes. This depletes serum sodium, disrupting electrolyte balance, making this the correct cause of hyponatremia in this context.
Choice D reason: Prolonged rapid, deep respirations cause respiratory alkalosis, not directly affecting sodium levels. Hyponatremia requires sodium loss or water excess, not respiratory changes, making this choice incorrect for causing low sodium levels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diabetes insipidus causes excessive water loss via dilute urine, leading to dehydration and decreased blood volume, resulting in hypotension. Reduced vascular pressure is a direct consequence, making this a correct manifestation.
Choice B reason: Increased thirst (polydipsia) occurs in diabetes insipidus as the body compensates for massive water loss through dilute urine, triggered by low antidiuretic hormone or kidney response, making this a correct manifestation.
Choice C reason: Decreased heart rate is not typical; diabetes insipidus causes tachycardia due to dehydration and low blood volume, as the heart compensates for hypotension. Bradycardia does not fit, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Decreased urine output is incorrect; diabetes insipidus causes polyuria due to inability to concentrate urine, resulting from deficient antidiuretic hormone or renal response, making this choice incorrect.
Choice E reason: Increased glucose level is unrelated to diabetes insipidus, which affects water balance, not glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia occurs in diabetes mellitus, not insipidus, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Vasodilation in acute inflammation, triggered by mediators like histamine, increases blood flow to the affected area, delivering more oxygenated blood. This causes erythema (redness), a hallmark of inflammation, as hemoglobin concentration rises in tissues, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Loss of function in inflammation results from tissue damage or swelling impairing normal activity, not directly from vasodilation. Vasodilation contributes to redness and warmth, not functional loss, making this choice incorrect for vasodilation’s effect.
Choice C reason: Pain in inflammation is caused by mediators like bradykinin and prostaglandins sensitizing nociceptors, not directly by vasodilation. While vasodilation supports inflammation, it does not directly cause pain, making this choice incorrect for the manifestation.
Choice D reason: Swelling (edema) in inflammation results from increased capillary permeability, allowing fluid leakage into tissues. Vasodilation increases blood flow but does not directly cause fluid extravasation, making this choice incorrect for vasodilation’s specific effect.
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