What nursing intervention is essential for the prevention of compartment syndrome in a patient with a fracture?
Administering analgesics for pain relief
Elevating the affected limb above the heart
Applying ice packs to the fracture site
Regularly monitoring neurovascular status
The Correct Answer is D
Regularly monitoring neurovascular status, including assessing pulses, capillary refill, sensation, and motor function, is essential for early detection of compartment syndrome, which can occur after a fracture. Compartment syndrome is a serious condition where increased pressure within the muscle compartment can compromise blood flow and nerve function.
a. Administering analgesics for pain relief is important, but it does not directly prevent compartment syndrome.
b. Elevating the affected limb above the heart can help reduce swelling but does not specifically prevent compartment syndrome.
c. Applying ice packs to the fracture site can help reduce pain and swelling but is not a preventive measure for compartment syndrome.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A transverse fracture occurs when the bone is completely broken into two separate pieces at a right angle to the bone's long axis.
a. Greenstick fracture: A greenstick fracture is an incomplete fracture where the bone bends and partially breaks, but it does not result in two separate pieces of bone.
c. Impacted fracture: An impacted fracture occurs when the bone ends are forced into each other, commonly seen in long bones such as the femur. It does not involve the bone breaking into two separate pieces.
d. Spiral fracture: A spiral fracture occurs when the bone is twisted, resulting in a spiral-shaped fracture line. It does not involve the bone breaking into two separate pieces.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Early ambulation (walking) is important for preventing complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and muscle atrophy in patients with lower extremity fractures.
b. Bed rest for 24 hours: Prolonged bed rest can lead to complications such as muscle weakness, DVT, and pressure ulcers. Early ambulation is preferred to prevent these issues.
c. Avoidance of pain medication: Pain management is essential for patient comfort and mobility. Avoiding pain medication may hinder early ambulation and delay recovery.
d. Delayed wound dressing changes: Appropriate wound care is crucial for preventing infection and ensuring proper healing. Delayed wound dressing changes may increase the risk of infection.
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