What nursing intervention is essential to prevent skin breakdown and pressure ulcers in a patient with a long-term immobilization due to a fracture?
Performing passive range of motion exercises regularly
Applying petroleum jelly to the skin under the immobilization device
Using a lift sheet to reposition the patient
Providing a soft foam mattress overlay
The Correct Answer is C
Using a lift sheet to reposition the patient is essential to prevent skin breakdown and pressure ulcers in a patient with long-term immobilization. This helps redistribute pressure on bony prominences and reduces the risk of skin damage.
a. Performing passive range of motion exercises regularly is important for preventing joint stiffness and muscle atrophy but may not directly prevent skin breakdown and pressure ulcers.
b. Applying petroleum jelly to the skin under the immobilization device is not recommended, as it can cause skin maceration and compromise the device's fit and function.
d. Providing a soft foam mattress overlay can enhance patient comfort but may not be sufficient to prevent skin breakdown and pressure ulcers in patients with prolonged immobilization.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Closed reduction is a non-surgical procedure used to manually realign the fractured bone to its normal position without making an incision. It is often followed by cast immobilization or other forms of stabilization.
a. To surgically realign the fractured bone: Surgical realignment is typically performed through open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), not closed reduction.
b. To stabilize the fracture with internal fixation: Internal fixation involves the use of screws, plates, or rods to stabilize fractures, and it is not part of the closed reduction procedure.
c. To immobilize the fractured bone with a cast: Immobilization with a cast may follow closed reduction, but it is not the primary goal of the reduction procedure itself.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A comminuted fracture occurs when the bone is crushed and shattered into multiple fragments, resulting in significant bone displacement and increased difficulty in alignment during the healing process.
a. Greenstick fracture: A greenstick fracture is an incomplete fracture where the bone bends and partially breaks, commonly seen in pediatric patients. It does not involve bone crushing or fragmentation.
c. Avulsion fracture: An avulsion fracture occurs when a small fragment of bone is pulled away from the main bone due to the forceful attachment of a tendon or ligament. It is not characterized by bone crushing or fragmentation.
d. Stress fracture: A stress fracture is a tiny crack in the bone caused by repetitive stress and overuse. It does not involve bone crushing or fragmentation.
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