What occurs when a drug binds to a receptor in the body?

It increases or decreases the activity of that receptor.

It alters the receptor to become non-responsive to its usual endogenous molecules.

It prevents the action of the receptor by altering its response to chemical mediators.

It gives the receptor a new function.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Drug-receptor binding either activates (agonists) or inhibits (antagonists) receptor activity, altering physiological responses. This is the primary effect, making it the correct choice for receptor interaction.

Choice B reason: Drugs do not permanently alter receptors non-responsive; they modulate activity temporarily. Non-responsiveness may occur with chronic use, but it’s not the primary effect, so this is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Preventing receptor action is specific to antagonists, not all drugs. drugs bind to receptors. Binding broadly affects activity, so this is incorrect for the general effect of receptor binding.

Choice D reason: Drugs do not give receptors new functions; they enhance or block existing ones. ones. Activity modulation is the key effect, making this incorrect for what occurs during binding.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Adrenergic neuron blockers, like guanethidine, reduce blood pressure by inhibiting norepinephrine release. They are not first-line for stage 1 hypertension (140-159/90-99 mm Hg). Their side effects, like orthostatic hypotension, make them less suitable. Lifestyle changes are preferred initially for this patient’s mild elevation and normal diagnostic tests, making this choice inappropriate.

Choice B reason: Beta blockers, like atenolol, reduce heart rate and cardiac output, lowering blood pressure. They are not first-line for stage 1 hypertension without compelling indications (e.g., heart failure). Guidelines recommend lifestyle modifications first for this patient’s blood pressure range, as they effectively reduce risk without medication side effects, making this choice less suitable.

Choice C reason: For stage 1 hypertension (140-159/90-99 mm Hg) with normal diagnostic tests, guidelines recommend lifestyle changes, such as diet, exercise, and weight loss, as first-line treatment. These reduce blood pressure by improving vascular health and reducing cardiac strain, offering a low-risk approach to manage mild hypertension effectively, making this the correct choice.

Choice D reason: ACE inhibitors, like lisinopril, block angiotensin II formation, reducing blood pressure. They are effective but not first-line for stage 1 hypertension without comorbidities. Lifestyle changes are prioritized to avoid medication side effects like cough or hyperkalemia, making this choice less appropriate for initial management in this patient.

A. This route allows more rapid absorption of the drug B. This route prevents inactivation of the drug by digestive enzymes C. This route is the best way to control serum drug levels D. This route is safer, less expensive, and more convenient

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Enteral (oral) administration typically has slower absorption than intravenous routes due to first-pass metabolism in the liver and variable gastric emptying. While effective for many drugs, it’s not faster than parenteral routes, making this choice incorrect for describing the primary advantage of enteral administration.

Choice B reason: Some enteral drugs are inactivated by digestive enzymes or liver metabolism (first-pass effect), not prevented. Special formulations (e.g., enteric-coated) may protect drugs, but this isn’t a general advantage of the enteral route, which often faces enzymatic degradation, making this choice inaccurate.

Choice C reason: Enteral administration does not offer superior control of serum drug levels compared to intravenous routes, which provide precise dosing and immediate bioavailability. Oral drugs face variable absorption and first-pass metabolism, leading to less predictable levels, making this choice incorrect for enteral benefits.

Choice D reason: Enteral administration is safer (avoids injection risks like infection), less expensive (no need for sterile equipment), and more convenient (self-administered at home). These advantages make it preferable for many drugs, aligning with patient compliance and cost-effectiveness, making this the correct choice for the nurse’s response.

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What occurs when a drug binds to a receptor in the body?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has had blood pressures of 150/95 and 148/90 mm Hg on two separate office visits. The patient reports a blood pressure of 145/92 mm Hg taken in an ambulatory setting. The patient’s diagnostic tests are all normal. The nurse will expect this patient’s provider to order

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is giving an enteral medication. The patient asks why this method is preferable for this drug. How will the nurse reply?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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