A patient who has seasonal allergies in the spring and fall asks the nurse about oral antihistamines. Which response by the nurse is correct?

Make sure you take antihistamines only when you have symptoms to minimize side effects

First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine [Benadryl], are more effective

Anticholinergic effects are more common with second-generation antihistamines

You should take oral antihistamines daily during each allergy season to get maximum effects

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Taking antihistamines only with symptoms may reduce side effects but provides inconsistent relief, as histamine levels fluctuate. Daily use during allergy seasons prevents symptom onset, offering better control, especially for second-generation antihistamines with longer action, making this choice less effective.

Choice B reason: First-generation antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) are sedating and have more side effects than second-generation (e.g., loratadine), which are equally effective for allergies but less sedating. Claiming first-generation are more effective is incorrect, as second-generation are preferred, making this choice inaccurate.

Choice C reason: Anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth) are more common with first-generation antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine) due to non-selective receptor binding. Second-generation antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine) are more selective for H1 receptors, reducing these effects, making this choice incorrect and opposite to pharmacological profiles.

Choice D reason: Daily oral antihistamines, especially second-generation (e.g., loratadine), during allergy seasons maintain steady histamine receptor blockade, preventing symptoms like sneezing and itching. This maximizes efficacy and improves quality of life, aligning with guidelines for seasonal allergies, making this the correct nurse response.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin given once daily, not twice daily. Morning and 4:00 PM dosing is typical for intermediate-acting insulins, so this incorrect for glargine’s schedule.

Choice B reason: Rapid-acting insulins are given before meals, not glargine, which provides basal coverage. Glargine is dosed once daily, so this is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Post-meal or after meals and bedtime dosing does not suit glargine’s 24-hour action. It’s given once daily, typically at bedtime, so this is incorrect for the administration timing.

Choice D reason: Insulin glargine is administered once daily, often at bedtime, to provide steady basal insulin coverage for 24 hours. This aligns with its pharmacokinetics, making it the correct choice.

A. Bananas B. Leafy green foods C. Alcoholic beverages D. Dairy products

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Bananas do not interact with acetaminophen. They are a potassium-rich food without impact on acetaminophen metabolism or hepatotoxicity. Acetaminophen’s primary risk is liver damage, especially with alcohol or overdose, making bananas irrelevant to its safe use, so this choice is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Leafy green foods, rich in vitamin K, may affect anticoagulants like warfarin but have no significant interaction with acetaminophen. They don’t influence acetaminophen’s metabolism or liver toxicity risk, making this choice irrelevant for patient instructions regarding safe acetaminophen use post-surgery.

Choice C reason: Alcohol increases acetaminophen’s hepatotoxicity by inducing CYP2E1 enzymes, which metabolize acetaminophen into toxic NAPQI, depleting liver glutathione and causing damage. Avoiding alcohol prevents severe liver injury, especially post-surgery when liver function is critical, making this the correct choice for patient safety.

Choice D reason: Dairy products do not interact with acetaminophen’s metabolism or toxicity. They may slow gastric emptying, slightly delaying absorption, but this isn’t a significant concern. Acetaminophen’s primary risk is hepatotoxicity, unaffected by dairy, making this choice incorrect for discharge instructions.

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A patient who has seasonal allergies in the spring and fall asks the nurse about oral antihistamines. Which response by the nurse is correct?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Insulin glargine is prescribed for a hospitalized patient who has diabetes. When will the nurse expect to administer this drug?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse provides discharge instructions for a patient who is taking acetaminophen [Tylenol] after surgery. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which product while taking acetaminophen?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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