A new graduate nurse preparing to administer medications knows that which of the following is required for a drug to move through the body?

A transporter shell

Selectivity and effectiveness

The ability to cross membranes

Development of an electric charge

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: A transporter shell is not a pharmacological concept; drugs use transport proteins or diffusion. Membrane crossing is key, so this is incorrect for drug movement.

Choice B reason: Selectivity and effectiveness define therapeutic action, not physical movement. Drugs must cross membranes to reach targets, so this is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Drugs must cross cell membranes to move through the body, affecting absorption and distribution. This is a fundamental requirement, making it the correct choice.

Choice D reason: An electric charge may influence solubility but isn’t required for movement. Membrane permeability is essential, so this is incorrect for drug pharmacokinetics.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Patient preference is not a primary concern in food-drug interactions; physiological effects are. Grapefruit’s impact on metabolism is significant, so this is incorrect for the true statement.

Choice B reason: Foods can alter absorption and metabolism, but some also affect drug action (e.g., tyramine with MAOIs). This statement is incomplete, making it incorrect compared to grapefruit’s specific effect.

Choice C reason: Grapefruit inhibits CYP isoenzymes, altering drug metabolism and increasing drug levels. This is a well-documented interaction, making it the correct true statement about food-drug interactions.

Choice D reason: Not all medications are best absorbed with food; some require empty stomachs. Grapefruit’s metabolic interaction is more accurate, so this is incorrect for the true statement.

A. Bananas B. Leafy green foods C. Alcoholic beverages D. Dairy products

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Bananas do not interact with acetaminophen. They are a potassium-rich food without impact on acetaminophen metabolism or hepatotoxicity. Acetaminophen’s primary risk is liver damage, especially with alcohol or overdose, making bananas irrelevant to its safe use, so this choice is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Leafy green foods, rich in vitamin K, may affect anticoagulants like warfarin but have no significant interaction with acetaminophen. They don’t influence acetaminophen’s metabolism or liver toxicity risk, making this choice irrelevant for patient instructions regarding safe acetaminophen use post-surgery.

Choice C reason: Alcohol increases acetaminophen’s hepatotoxicity by inducing CYP2E1 enzymes, which metabolize acetaminophen into toxic NAPQI, depleting liver glutathione and causing damage. Avoiding alcohol prevents severe liver injury, especially post-surgery when liver function is critical, making this the correct choice for patient safety.

Choice D reason: Dairy products do not interact with acetaminophen’s metabolism or toxicity. They may slow gastric emptying, slightly delaying absorption, but this isn’t a significant concern. Acetaminophen’s primary risk is hepatotoxicity, unaffected by dairy, making this choice incorrect for discharge instructions.

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A new graduate nurse preparing to administer medications knows that which of the following is required for a drug to move through the body?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which statement about food and drug interactions is true?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse provides discharge instructions for a patient who is taking acetaminophen [Tylenol] after surgery. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which product while taking acetaminophen?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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