What type of evidence utilizes original research studies, consisting of either quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods?

Choice A reason: A systematic review and meta-analysis involve summarizing the results of multiple studies. While they can include quantitative data, they are not a type of primary evidence but rather secondary evidence that synthesizes findings from primary studies.

Choice B reason: Qualitative evidence refers to non-numerical data used to understand concepts, thoughts, or experiences. A double-blind controlled study typically involves numerical data to test hypotheses, making it quantitative rather than qualitative.

Choice C reason: Mixed-method evidence combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A double-blind controlled study is specifically quantitative as it relies on numerical data and statistical analysis.

Choice D reason: Quantitative evidence is based on numerical data and statistical analysis. A double-blind controlled study is a quantitative research method because it aims to measure outcomes objectively, often using statistical tests to infer findings.

Choice A reason: The Ohio Board of Nursing is the regulatory body responsible for defining the scope of practice for nurses in Ohio. It also establishes the nursing code of ethics for the state, ensuring that nurses adhere to professional standards and practices.

Choice B reason: The National Institute of Health (NIH) is a federal agency that conducts and supports medical research but does not define the scope of practice for nurses or the nursing code of ethics at the state level.

Choice C reason: The National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF) focuses on improving patient safety and healthcare quality. While it influences nursing practice through safety guidelines, it does not define the scope of practice or nursing code of ethics.

Choice D reason: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) aims to prepare nurses with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for continuously improving the quality and safety of healthcare systems. However, it does not define the scope of practice or nursing code of ethics.