When administering a central nervous system depressant, the nurse should closely observe for drug toxicity in which patient?

A 25-year-old man

A 15-year-old boy

A 3-week-old neonate

A 25-year-old woman

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: A 25-year-old man typically has mature liver and kidney function, efficiently metabolizing and excreting CNS depressants like benzodiazepines. Toxicity risk is lower compared to neonates, whose immature systems impair drug clearance, making this choice less critical for close toxicity monitoring.

Choice B reason: A 15-year-old boy has relatively mature metabolic pathways, though not fully adult-like. CNS depressants are cleared more effectively than in neonates, reducing toxicity risk. Adolescents are less vulnerable than infants to accumulation, making this choice less concerning for drug toxicity observation.

Choice C reason: A 3-week-old neonate has immature liver enzymes (e.g., CYP450) and reduced renal clearance, increasing the risk of CNS depressant toxicity (e.g., respiratory depression, sedation). Their low body mass and underdeveloped metabolism necessitate close monitoring, making this the correct choice for heightened toxicity vigilance.

Choice D reason: A 25-year-old woman, like men of the same age, typically has efficient drug metabolism and excretion. CNS depressants pose lower toxicity risk compared to neonates, whose immature systems lead to drug accumulation, making this choice less critical for close toxicity monitoring.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Insulin does not stimulate the liver to convert glycogen to glucose; instead, it promotes glycogenesis and inhibits glycogenolysis. By facilitating glucose uptake and storage, insulin lowers blood glucose levels, counteracting the process of glycogen breakdown into glucose, which is regulated by glucagon and other hormones, making this choice incorrect.

Choice B reason: Insulin does not promote amino acid synthesis into glucose (gluconeogenesis). It inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver, reducing glucose production from amino acids and other substrates. By enhancing glucose uptake and storage, insulin maintains glucose homeostasis, making this option incorrect as it misrepresents insulin’s role in glucose metabolism.

Choice C reason: Insulin does not stimulate the pancreas to reabsorb glucose. The pancreas produces insulin, which acts on target tissues like muscle and fat to facilitate glucose uptake. Glucose reabsorption occurs in the kidneys, regulated by sodium-glucose cotransporters, not insulin, making this choice scientifically inaccurate for insulin’s function.

Choice D reason: Insulin promotes glucose uptake into cells by facilitating GLUT4 transporter translocation to cell membranes in muscle and adipose tissue. This allows glucose to enter cells for energy production via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. This is insulin’s primary role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis, making it the correct choice for its action.

A. Zithromax can cause cancer in women. B. Your medical conditions, age, and gender make you susceptible to QT prolongation, a known risk of this antibiotic. C. This antibiotic is less effective in women. D. Zithromax is expensive, so your insurance won’t pay for it.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason is that Zithromax (azithromycin) is not linked to cancer in women; this is inaccurate. QT prolongation is a known risk, especially in elderly patients with cardiac issues, so this is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Azithromycin can prolong the QT interval, risking arrhythmias, particularly in older women with heart rhythm issues. This explains the different prescribing, making it the correct choice.

Choice C reason: Zithromax’s effectiveness is not gender-specific; efficacy depends on the infection, not sex. The cardiac risk is the concern, so this is incorrect for the explanation.

Choice D reason: Cost or insurance is irrelevant to the medical decision. QT prolongation risk in this patient’s profile drives the choice, so this is incorrect.

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When administering a central nervous system depressant, the nurse should closely observe for drug toxicity in which patient?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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