When assessing an older male client, what are some issues that might put him at risk for dehydration? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: Set walking distance goals is not the best goal, as it is too specific and may not be appropriate for all older clients with diabetes. Walking distance may vary depending on the client's physical condition, comorbidities, and preferences.

Choice B reason: Stabilize the serum glucose is not the best goal, as it is too vague and does not reflect the client's involvement in their care. Serum glucose levels may fluctuate depending on various factors, such as diet, medication, stress, and infection.

Choice C reason: Plan for consistent exercise is not the best goal, as it is not comprehensive and does not address other aspects of diabetes management, such as nutrition, medication, and monitoring. Exercise is only one component of a holistic care plan for older clients with diabetes.

Choice D reason: Facilitate self-management is the best goal, as it encompasses all the elements of diabetes care and empowers the client to take charge of their health. Self-management involves educating the client about diabetes, providing support and resources, and encouraging adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen.

Choice E reason: None of the above is not the correct answer, as there is one choice that is the best goal for planning nursing care for an older client with diabetes mellitus.

Choice A reason: Altering modifiable risk factors is a good goal for anyone who wants to improve their health and wellness, but it is not specific to the case of the African American man who already has a normal blood pressure and no apparent health problems. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed by lifestyle choices, such as smoking, diet, exercise, stress, or alcohol consumption.

Choice B reason: Maintaining tight glycemic control is a relevant goal for people who have diabetes or prediabetes, as it can help prevent or delay the complications of high blood sugar, such as nerve damage, kidney damage, or eye damage. However, there is no indication that the African American man has diabetes or prediabetes, so this goal is not applicable to him.

Choice C reason: Recognizing disease in its early stages is a general goal for everyone who wants to prevent or treat health problems, but it is not specific to the case of the African American man who has no signs or symptoms of any disease. Moreover, this goal is more reactive than proactive, as it implies waiting for disease to occur rather than preventing it.

Choice D reason: Preventing cardiovascular disease is the best goal for the nurse to use to assist the African American man in maintaining his health and wellness into older age, as it is specific, proactive, and evidence-based. According to the American Heart Association, high blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it is more prevalent and severe among African Americans than other racial groups. Therefore, the nurse would advise the African American man to monitor his blood pressure regularly, follow a healthy diet, exercise moderately, avoid smoking, and take medication if needed to prevent cardiovascular disease.