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When assessing the pupillary light reflex or PERRL (pupils, round, reactive to light), the nurse should use which technique?

A.

Shine a light across the pupil from the side, and observe for direct and consensual pupillary constriction.

B.

Ask the patient to follow the penlight in eight directions, and observe for bilateral pupil constriction.

C.

Shine a penlight from directly in front of the patient, and inspect for pupillary constriction.

D.

Ask the patient to focus on a distant object. Then ask the patient to follow the penlight to approximately 7 cm from the nose.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Shine a light across the pupil from the side: To assess the pupillary light reflex, the nurse should shine a light across the pupil from the side and observe for both direct and consensual constriction (the constriction of both pupils when one is exposed to light).

B. Follow the penlight: This tests for accommodation (focusing on near objects) rather than the pupillary light reflex.

C. Shine a penlight directly in front: This method doesn’t assess both direct and consensual constriction properly.

D. Focus on a distant object: This assesses accommodation, not the pupillary light reflex.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Nerve degeneration in the inner ear: This describes presbycusis, a common age-related hearing loss due to degeneration of the cochlea or auditory nerve, often affecting the ability to hear high-frequency sounds and distinguish sounds in noisy environments.
B. Cilia becoming coarse and stiff: This contributes to conductive hearing loss but does not typically cause difficulty localizing sounds.
C. Scarring of the tympanic membrane: This may result from repeated infections but usually causes conductive hearing loss.
D. Atrophy of the apocrine glands: This affects sweat production, not hearing.

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A"}

Explanation

Claudication due to arterial abnormalities in

Rationale: Intermittent claudication is a hallmark symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). It is characterized by muscle pain or cramping in the lower extremities, typically triggered by exercise and relieved by rest. The pain occurs due to ischemia, or reduced blood flow, resulting from partial arterial obstruction.

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