When describing an episode of intimate partner violence, the victim reports attempting to calm the partner down to keep things from escalating. The nurse interprets this behavior as reflecting which phase of the cycle of violence?

battering

honeymoon

tension-building

reconciliation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Battering: This phase involves the actual violent and abusive behavior, where the perpetrator inflicts harm or abuse upon the victim. It is characterized by physical, emotional, or psychological abuse.

B. Honeymoon: The honeymoon phase follows the period of violence or abuse. During this phase, the perpetrator may apologize, show remorse, and express love and affection toward the victim. The perpetrator may also promise to change their behavior and make efforts to reconcile with the victim.

C. Tension-building: The tension-building phase is characterized by increasing tension, anger, and hostility in the relationship. Minor conflicts and stressors escalate, leading to a buildup of tension between the partners. This phase often precedes the occurrence of the violent or abusive episode.

D. Reconciliation: The reconciliation phase occurs after the violent or abusive episode, during which the perpetrator attempts to reconcile with the victim. This phase may involve apologies, promises to change, and expressions of regret. However, it is important to note that the reconciliation phase may be temporary and may cycle back into the tension-building phase, leading to another episode of violence.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Ipratropium:

Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator used to relieve bronchospasm associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways to improve breathing. In pregnant women with asthma, ipratropium is generally considered safe for use when the benefits of controlling asthma symptoms outweigh the potential risks to the fetus. It is minimally absorbed systemically, reducing the risk of systemic side effects for both the mother and the fetus.

B. Albuterol:

Albuterol is a short-acting beta agonist (SABA) commonly used as a rescue inhaler for acute asthma symptoms. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. Albuterol is considered safe for use during pregnancy, and it is often recommended as needed to relieve bronchospasm in pregnant women with asthma. Controlling asthma symptoms with albuterol can help improve maternal oxygenation and prevent complications associated with poorly controlled asthma during pregnancy.

C. Salmeterol:

Salmeterol is a long-acting beta agonist (LABA) used for the long-term control of asthma symptoms. It works similarly to albuterol but has a longer duration of action. Salmeterol is generally not recommended as the sole therapy for asthma during pregnancy due to limited safety data. While animal studies have shown adverse effects on fetal development, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Therefore, the risks versus benefits of using salmeterol during pregnancy should be carefully considered, and alternative treatments may be preferred.

D. Prednisone:

Prednisone is a corticosteroid medication used to reduce inflammation and suppress immune responses in conditions such as asthma. It is often prescribed to manage asthma exacerbations during pregnancy. While corticosteroids are generally considered safe for short-term use during pregnancy to control asthma symptoms, they may have risks associated with long-term or high-dose use, especially if used during the first trimester. Potential risks include fetal growth restriction and cleft palate. However, the benefits of controlling asthma symptoms and preventing exacerbations often outweigh the potential risks of corticosteroid use during pregnancy. Therefore, prednisone may be prescribed judiciously during pregnancy, and the dose should be tailored to the individual's needs while considering potential risks to the fetus.

A. stability of the woman's emotional and psychological status B. reduction in retinopathy risk by frequent ophthalmologic evaluations C. control of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels for optimal kidney function D. degree of blood glucose control achieved during the pregnancy

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Stability of the woman's emotional and psychological status:

Emotional and psychological well-being are undoubtedly important factors in pregnancy outcomes. However, in the context of gestational diabetes, while stress and psychological factors can influence overall health, including blood sugar levels, they are not the primary focus when discussing reducing complications associated with diabetes during pregnancy. While managing stress and promoting emotional stability are important aspects of prenatal care, they are not directly related to reducing complications specifically associated with gestational diabetes.

B. Reduction in retinopathy risk by frequent ophthalmologic evaluations:

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes and can lead to vision impairment or blindness if left untreated. While regular ophthalmologic evaluations are crucial for individuals with diabetes to monitor for retinopathy and other eye complications, this factor is not the most important in reducing complications associated with pregnancy and diabetes. Gestational diabetes primarily affects pregnancy outcomes, and while retinopathy risk is a concern in the long term for individuals with diabetes, it is not the primary focus during pregnancy.

C. Control of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels for optimal kidney function:

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels are markers of kidney function, and kidney complications can be a concern in individuals with diabetes, including gestational diabetes. However, during pregnancy, the focus is primarily on controlling blood glucose levels to reduce complications associated with gestational diabetes. While kidney function is important and should be monitored in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, it is not the most crucial factor in reducing complications specifically related to pregnancy and diabetes.

D. Degree of blood glucose control achieved during the pregnancy:

This is the most important factor in reducing complications associated with pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Controlling blood glucose levels is paramount in managing gestational diabetes to reduce the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby. Tight glycemic control helps to minimize the risk of adverse outcomes such as macrosomia, birth trauma, preterm birth, and other complications associated with uncontrolled blood sugar levels during pregnancy.

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When describing an episode of intimate partner violence, the victim reports attempting to calm the partner down to keep things from escalating. The nurse interprets this behavior as reflecting which phase of the cycle of violence?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A woman with a history of asthma comes to the clinic for evaluation for pregnancy. The woman's pregnancy test is positive. When reviewing the woman's medication therapy regimen for asthma, which medication would the nurse identify as problematic for the woman now that she is pregnant?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is conducting a program for pregnant women with gestational diabetes about reducing complications. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which factor as being most important in helping to reduce complications associated with pregnancy and diabetes?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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