When examining the face, the nurse is aware that which two pairs of salivary glands are accessible for palpation?

Choice A reason: A 15-year-old soccer player with a broken leg likely sustained the injury during sports, a common occurrence. Bruises on a 4-month-old’s arms are more concerning, as infants are non-mobile and less likely to bruise accidentally, suggesting possible abuse.

Choice B reason: Bruises on a 4-month-old’s arms are highly concerning, as infants this age are not mobile and cannot self-injure. Such bruising may indicate non-accidental trauma or abuse, requiring immediate investigation, making this the most concerning patient for possible abuse.

Choice C reason: An 8-year-old gymnast with a broken arm may have been injured during gymnastics, a plausible accident. A 4-month-old with arm bruises is more alarming, as infants are less likely to bruise without external force, so this is less concerning.

Choice D reason: A 2-year-old with knee bruises is typical from active play or falls while learning to walk. Bruises on a non-mobile 4-month-old’s arms are more suspicious for abuse, making this less concerning than the infant’s situation.

Choice A reason: Naming the past four presidents tests remote memory, as it involves recalling historical facts learned years ago. Recent memory involves events from hours or days, so this question does not assess the patient’s short-term memory capacity effectively.

Choice B reason: Recalling children’s names typically involves long-term memory, as these are familiar, well-established facts. While personal, this information is not recent and does not evaluate the patient’s ability to retain new information, making it unsuitable for recent memory assessment.

Choice C reason: A mother’s maiden name is a long-term memory fact, often memorized years ago. It does not test recent memory, which focuses on newly acquired information, making this question inappropriate for assessing short-term memory in the elderly patient.

Choice D reason: Asking about breakfast this morning tests recent memory, as it involves recalling an event from hours ago. This is ideal for assessing short-term memory function in older adults, as it evaluates the ability to retain and recall new information accurately.