A nurse is preparing a teaching program for a group of pregnant women about preventing infections during pregnancy. When describing measures for preventing cytomegalovirus infection, which measure would the nurse include as a priority?

immunization

prenatal screening

antibody titer screening

frequent handwashing

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Immunization:

Currently, there is no licensed vaccine available for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Therefore, immunization is not a viable option for preventing CMV infection during pregnancy. While researchers are actively working on developing a CMV vaccine, it is not yet available for widespread use.

B. Prenatal screening:

Prenatal screening for CMV is not routinely performed during prenatal care. Screening for CMV during pregnancy is not typically recommended unless there is a specific clinical indication, such as maternal symptoms suggestive of acute CMV infection or fetal abnormalities detected on ultrasound. Therefore, prenatal screening is not a primary preventive measure for CMV infection during pregnancy.

C. Antibody titer screening:

Antibody titer screening for CMV is also not routinely performed during prenatal care. While some healthcare providers may offer CMV antibody testing in certain situations, such as for women with a known exposure to CMV or those at increased risk of primary CMV infection during pregnancy, it is not a standard practice for all pregnant women. Therefore, antibody titer screening is not a primary preventive measure for CMV infection during pregnancy.

D. Frequent handwashing:

Frequent handwashing is the most important preventive measure for reducing the risk of CMV infection during pregnancy. CMV is commonly transmitted through close contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva, urine, blood, and genital secretions. Proper hand hygiene, including washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coming into contact with young children's saliva or urine, can help prevent the spread of CMV. This measure is crucial for pregnant women to reduce their risk of acquiring CMV and transmitting it to their unborn babies.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "You'll probably have a cesarean birth to prevent exposing your newborn."

This statement suggests a specific intervention without addressing the broader context of HIV management during pregnancy. While a cesarean birth may be recommended in certain cases to reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HIV, it is not the only or primary measure taken. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is typically the mainstay of treatment during pregnancy to suppress viral load and reduce transmission risk.

B. "Antiretroviral medications are available to help reduce the risk of transmission."

This response provides accurate information about the use of antiretroviral medications during pregnancy to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. ART is a critical component of HIV management in pregnant women and has been shown to significantly decrease the risk of vertical transmission when used appropriately.

C. "Wait until after the infant is born, and then something can be done."

This statement is not appropriate because it suggests delaying action until after the infant is born, which may increase the risk of HIV transmission during childbirth. Prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy is essential to maximize the chances of preventing vertical transmission.

D. "Antibodies cross the placenta and provide immunity to the newborn."

While it is true that antibodies can cross the placenta and provide passive immunity to the newborn for certain infections, including some viral illnesses, this statement is not directly relevant to preventing HIV transmission from an HIV-positive mother to her newborn. Unlike some infections where maternal antibodies can confer protection to the infant, HIV transmission is not prevented solely by passive immunity. Instead, active measures such as antiretroviral therapy are necessary to reduce transmission risk.

A. jaundice B. hemorrhage C. edema D. infection

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Jaundice:

Jaundice refers to the yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. While jaundice can be a sign of liver dysfunction or obstruction of the bile ducts, it is not typically associated with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, assessing for jaundice would not be the priority in this situation.

B. Hemorrhage:

Hemorrhage, or excessive bleeding, is the priority assessment in a suspected case of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. A ruptured ectopic pregnancy can lead to significant internal bleeding, which can quickly become life-threatening. Signs and symptoms of hemorrhage may include hypotension, tachycardia, abdominal pain, dizziness, fainting, and signs of shock. Prompt recognition and management of hemorrhage are crucial to stabilize the client's condition and prevent further complications.

C. Edema:

Edema refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body tissues, resulting in swelling. While edema can occur in various conditions, such as heart failure or kidney disease, it is not typically associated with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Assessing for edema would not be the priority in this situation.

D. Infection:

Infection can occur as a complication of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, particularly if there is contamination of the abdominal cavity by blood and tissue from the ruptured fallopian tube. However, the immediate concern in a suspected case of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy is hemorrhage, as it poses an immediate threat to the client's life. While infection is a concern, it is secondary to hemorrhage in terms of priority assessment and management.

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A nurse is preparing a teaching program for a group of pregnant women about preventing infections during pregnancy. When describing measures for preventing cytomegalovirus infection, which measure would the nurse include as a priority?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client who is HIV-positive is in her second trimester and remains asymptomatic. She voices concern about her newborn's risk for the infection. Which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client is suspected of having a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Which assessment would the nurse identify as the priority?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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