A nurse is preparing a teaching program for a group of pregnant women about preventing infections during pregnancy. When describing measures for preventing cytomegalovirus infection, which measure would the nurse include as a priority?

immunization

prenatal screening

antibody titer screening

frequent handwashing

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Immunization:

Currently, there is no licensed vaccine available for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Therefore, immunization is not a viable option for preventing CMV infection during pregnancy. While researchers are actively working on developing a CMV vaccine, it is not yet available for widespread use.

B. Prenatal screening:

Prenatal screening for CMV is not routinely performed during prenatal care. Screening for CMV during pregnancy is not typically recommended unless there is a specific clinical indication, such as maternal symptoms suggestive of acute CMV infection or fetal abnormalities detected on ultrasound. Therefore, prenatal screening is not a primary preventive measure for CMV infection during pregnancy.

C. Antibody titer screening:

Antibody titer screening for CMV is also not routinely performed during prenatal care. While some healthcare providers may offer CMV antibody testing in certain situations, such as for women with a known exposure to CMV or those at increased risk of primary CMV infection during pregnancy, it is not a standard practice for all pregnant women. Therefore, antibody titer screening is not a primary preventive measure for CMV infection during pregnancy.

D. Frequent handwashing:

Frequent handwashing is the most important preventive measure for reducing the risk of CMV infection during pregnancy. CMV is commonly transmitted through close contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva, urine, blood, and genital secretions. Proper hand hygiene, including washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coming into contact with young children's saliva or urine, can help prevent the spread of CMV. This measure is crucial for pregnant women to reduce their risk of acquiring CMV and transmitting it to their unborn babies.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Engaging in daily exercise:

Regular physical activity has been associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. Exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and may help regulate hormone levels, which can contribute to a lower risk of developing endometrial cancer.

B. Eating a high-fat diet:

Consuming a high-fat diet may increase the risk of endometrial cancer. High-fat diets have been linked to obesity, which in turn is a risk factor for endometrial cancer. Additionally, high-fat diets may alter hormone levels in the body, potentially affecting the development of endometrial cancer.

C. Becoming pregnant:

Pregnancy and childbirth can have a protective effect against endometrial cancer. During pregnancy, hormonal changes and the cessation of menstrual cycles may reduce the exposure of the endometrium to estrogen, potentially decreasing the risk of developing endometrial cancer.

D. Using estrogen contraceptives:

Estrogen-containing contraceptives, such as birth control pills, patches, or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs), have been associated with a higher risk of endometrial cancer, especially if used for extended periods. Estrogen alone, without the balancing effect of progesterone, can stimulate the growth of the endometrium and increase the risk of cancer.

E. Having regular pelvic exams:

Regular pelvic exams, which may include a Pap smear and/or endometrial biopsy, can help detect abnormalities in the endometrium at an early stage. Early detection can lead to timely intervention and treatment, potentially reducing the risk of advanced endometrial cancer.

A. 1,000 cells/mm3 B. 700 cells/mm3 C. 450 cells/mm3 D. 200 cells/mm3

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. 1,000 cells/mm3:

A CD4 cell count of 1,000 cells/mm3 is within the normal range for a healthy individual. In HIV-positive individuals, a CD4 count at this level would generally indicate that the immune system is functioning well and has not been significantly compromised by the virus. Therefore, a CD4 count of 1,000 cells/mm3 would not suggest a diagnosis of AIDS.

B. 700 cells/mm3:

Similarly, a CD4 cell count of 700 cells/mm3 is also within the normal range for immune function. While this count may be lower than the typical CD4 count in a healthy individual, it is still considered relatively high and would not indicate immune compromise to the extent seen in AIDS.

C. 450 cells/mm3:

A CD4 cell count of 450 cells/mm3 is also within a range that suggests the immune system is functioning reasonably well. While it may be lower than normal, it is not at a level indicative of severe immune suppression characteristic of AIDS.

D. 200 cells/mm3:

When the CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3, it indicates significant immune suppression and an increased risk of opportunistic infections. This threshold is used to diagnose AIDS in HIV-positive individuals. At this level, the immune system is severely compromised, leaving the individual vulnerable to various infections and diseases associated with AIDS.

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A nurse is preparing a teaching program for a group of pregnant women about preventing infections during pregnancy. When describing measures for preventing cytomegalovirus infection, which measure would the nurse include as a priority?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During a routine health check-up, a young adult woman asks the nurse about ways to prevent endometrial cancer. Which actions would the nurse most likely include? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

The nurse reviews the CD4 cell count of a client who is HIV-positive. A result less than which count would indicate to the nurse that the client has AIDS?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A woman comes to the clinic and asks the nurse about when she should have her first mammogram. The woman is at low risk and has no family history of breast cancer. Using the recommendations of the American Cancer Society, the nurse would suggest the woman have her first mammogram at which age?

A client who is HIV-positive is in her second trimester and remains asymptomatic. She voices concern about her newborn's risk for the infection. Which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate?

The nurse is developing the discharge plan for a woman who has had a left-sided radical mastectomy. The nurse is including instructions for ways to minimize lymphedema. Which statement by the client indicates the need for additional instruction?

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When developing the plan of care for a woman who has had an abdominal hysterectomy, the nurse would identify which action as contraindicated?

A client is scheduled for cryosurgery to remove some abnormal tissue on the cervix. The nurse teaches the client about this treatment, explaining that the tissue will be removed by which method?