Which assessments are included in the fetal biophysical profile (BPP)? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: Increased risk of anemia is not a likely cause of respiratory distress in a term macrosomic newborn, as it can affect any newborn regardless of the maternal diabetes status or the fetal size. Anemia can cause pallor, tachycardia, and poor feeding, but not respiratory distress.

Choice B reason: Hyperinsulinemia is a likely cause of respiratory distress in a term macrosomic newborn, as it results from the fetal exposure to high maternal glucose levels and the subsequent overproduction of insulin. Hyperinsulinemia can impair the synthesis of surfactant, which is a substance that prevents the alveoli from collapsing and facilitates gas exchange. Hyperinsulinemia can also cause hypoglycemia, which can affect the respiratory center and cause apnea.

Choice C reason: Increased blood viscosity is not a likely cause of respiratory distress in a term macrosomic newborn, as it can affect any newborn with polycythemia, which is an abnormally high number of red blood cells. Polycythemia can cause cyanosis, jaundice, and thrombosis, but not respiratory distress.

Choice D reason: Brachial plexus injury is not a likely cause of respiratory distress in a term macrosomic newborn, as it affects the nerves that supply the arm and hand, not the lungs. Brachial plexus injury can occur due to the excessive traction or stretching of the shoulder during delivery, and can cause weakness, paralysis, or sensory loss in the affected arm.

Choice A reason: Assisting the client with transferring to the gynecology unit is not the first action that the nurse should take, as it does not address the client's emotional needs or preferences. The nurse should first assess the client's coping and grieving process, and provide support and comfort.

Choice B reason: Offering the mother private time with the newborn is the first action that the nurse should take, as it can facilitate the bonding and closure process, and help the client express her feelings and emotions. The nurse should respect the client's wishes and cultural beliefs regarding the viewing and holding of the stillborn infant, and provide a quiet and private environment.

Choice C reason: Administering alprazolam 0.5 mg PO is not the first action that the nurse should take, as it is a pharmacological intervention that requires a prescription and an assessment of the client's condition and history. The nurse should first use nonpharmacological methods, such as active listening, therapeutic communication, and counseling, to help the client cope and manage her anxiety and grief.

Choice D reason: Contacting the health care facility's clergy is not the first action that the nurse should take, as it may not be appropriate or desired by the client. The nurse should first ask the client if she wants any spiritual or religious support, and respect her decision and beliefs.