Which condition can cause coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Choice A reason: High adipokine levels, as in obesity, promote insulin resistance by interfering with insulin signaling, not increasing glucose uptake. This reduces glucose uptake, contributing to hyperglycemia, but the description is inaccurate, making this choice incorrect.

Choice B reason: Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance due to insufficient or dysfunctional insulin receptors, reducing glucose uptake in cells, leading to hyperglycemia. This is a primary pathophysiological mechanism, often linked to obesity, making this the correct choice.

Choice C reason: Increased insulin secretion occurs early in type 2 diabetes to compensate for insulin resistance, but the primary issue is receptor dysfunction, not increased secretion. Over time, beta cells may fail, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Autoimmune destruction of beta cells describes type 1 diabetes, not type 2. Type 2 involves insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, not massive beta cell loss, making this choice incorrect for type 2 diabetes.

Choice A reason: Air trapping in COPD, due to alveolar destruction and loss of elasticity, causes lung overinflation, increasing the anteroposterior chest diameter, resulting in a barrel chest. This is a direct consequence, making this the correct choice.

Choice B reason: Cyanosis occurs in COPD from hypoxia due to impaired gas exchange, not directly from air trapping. While common in advanced disease, it is not the primary manifestation of overinflation, making this incorrect.

Choice C reason: Clubbed fingers result from chronic hypoxia in COPD, not directly from air trapping. They develop over time due to tissue remodeling, not lung overinflation, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Lack of appetite is a systemic symptom in advanced COPD due to energy expenditure or hypoxia, not a direct result of air trapping or lung overinflation, making this choice incorrect.