What type of immunity is species-specific, decreasing the chance that a disease will spread from animals to humans?

Choice A reason: Chronic asthma involves persistent symptoms managed over time, not an acute, life-threatening event. Status asthmaticus is an acute, severe exacerbation unresponsive to standard treatments, requiring urgent intervention, making this choice incorrect for describing status asthmaticus.

Choice B reason: An asthma attack triggered by exercise is exercise-induced bronchospasm, not status asthmaticus. Status asthmaticus is a severe, prolonged attack resistant to therapy, not defined by a specific trigger like exercise, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: A mild asthma attack resolving with bronchodilators responds to standard therapy, unlike status asthmaticus, which is a severe, life-threatening attack unresponsive to bronchodilators and corticosteroids, requiring intensive care, making this choice incorrect for the condition.

Choice D reason: Status asthmaticus is a severe, prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatments like bronchodilators and corticosteroids. It causes critical airway obstruction and hypoxia, requiring aggressive medical intervention, accurately describing the condition and making this the correct choice.

Choice A reason: Overinflated alveoli and air trapping occur in emphysema or COPD, not atelectasis. Atelectasis involves alveolar collapse, reducing lung volume and gas exchange, not overinflation, making this choice incorrect for the pathophysiology of atelectasis.

Choice B reason: Atelectasis is the collapse of alveoli, often due to obstruction, compression, or surfactant deficiency, impairing ventilation and perfusion. This reduces gas exchange, causing hypoxia, and matches the pathophysiological process, making this the correct choice for atelectasis.

Choice C reason: Inflammation of the bronchi (bronchitis) involves airway inflammation, not alveolar collapse. Atelectasis results from physical collapse of alveoli, not primarily inflammatory processes, making this choice incorrect for atelectasis’s pathophysiology.

Choice D reason: Inflammatory congestion in alveoli describes pneumonia or pulmonary edema, not atelectasis. Atelectasis involves alveolar collapse, reducing ventilation without primary inflammation or fluid accumulation, making this choice incorrect for the described process.