Which electrolyte is crucial for maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions in the body, and is regulated by the kidneys?
Calcium
Chloride
Potassium
Phosphate
The Correct Answer is C
A. Calcium: Calcium is essential for bone health, neurotransmission, and muscle contraction (especially cardiac muscle), and is regulated by hormones (PTH, calcitonin, vitamin D) with renal involvement -important, but the key ion classically emphasized for fluid balance and skeletal/neuromuscular excitability in this context is potassium.
B. Chloride: Chloride is an anion that helps maintain fluid balance and acid–base status (often follows sodium) and is regulated by the kidneys, but it’s less commonly singled out as the primary regulator of nerve and muscle excitability.
C. Potassium: Potassium is crucial for maintaining intracellular fluid balance, normal nerve impulse conduction, and skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction; the kidneys are the main regulators of potassium excretion and homeostasis.
D. Phosphate: Phosphate is important for bone mineralization, energy metabolism (ATP), and acid–base buffering; the kidneys regulate phosphate, but phosphate is not the primary electrolyte described for nerve function and muscle contractions in the way potassium is.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Gallbladder:The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile and does not perform mechanical breakdown of food -not a mechanical breakdown structure.
B. Tongue:The tongue manipulates and positions food for chewing and helps form the bolus (mechanical processing) -contributes to mechanical breakdown (correct).
C. Teeth:Teeth chew and physically break food into smaller pieces (mastication), which is the primary start of mechanical digestion -directly responsible for mechanical breakdown (correct).
D. Stomach:The stomach performs mechanical churning and mixing of food (mechanical digestion) but it is not the beginning of mechanical breakdown -chewing in the mouth begins it.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH):FSH directly stimulates Sertoli cells in the testes to support sperm development and the process of spermatogenesis .
B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH):LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone, which indirectly supports spermatogenesis, but LH itself is not the primary regulator of the spermatogenic process.
C. Estrogen:Estrogen is present in males in small amounts (via aromatization of androgens) and has modulatory roles, but it is not the main hormone regulating spermatogenesis.
D. Progesterone:Progesterone has little to no direct role in regulating spermatogenesis in males.
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