Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with hypertension
Acetylcholine
Adducin
Angiotensin II
Insulin resistance
The Correct Answer is C
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is characterized by thickening of the myocardium (heart muscle). LVH occurs in response to increased afterload (the resistance the heart has to pump against), which is a common feature of hypertension.
Angiotensin II, a hormone that is activated in response to hypertension, is a major mediator of LVH in this setting. Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) and promotes the retention of salt and water, which increases blood volume and pressure. Additionally, angiotensin II stimulates the proliferation of cardiac myocytes (heart muscle cells) and the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to hypertrophy and fibrosis of the myocardium.
Other factors that may contribute to LVH in hypertension include increased sympathetic nervous system activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, angiotensin II is considered a key mediator of this process, and drugs that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), such as angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), are often used to treat hypertension and reduce the risk of LVH and other cardiovascular complications.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most likely diagnosis based on the patient's symptoms and test results. ARDS is a serious condition that can develop in response to a variety of lung injuries, including pneumonia, sepsis, and trauma. The hallmark of ARDS is diffuse alveolocapillary injury, which leads to decreased lung compliance, hypoxemia, and respiratory distress. The symptoms of ARDS typically develop rapidly and include dyspnea, rapid, shallow breathing, inspiratory crackles, and hypoxemia. Treatment for ARDS typically involves supportive care, including oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and treatment of the underlying cause of the lung injury.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
At high altitudes, the air pressure is decreased, and there is less oxygen available in each breath. This leads to a decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs, which can cause hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood). Hyperventilation may initially help to increase oxygen delivery to the body, but it can also lead to respiratory alkalosis and decrease oxygen delivery to the tissues in the long run.
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