Which of the following are common signs and symptoms that can be present when your patient has Rheumatoid Arthritis? (Select all that apply)

Malar rash

Morning stiffness

Swan neck deformities

Bilateral joint deformities

Joint pain at rest

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D

A.   This is primarily associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), not Rheumatoid Arthritis. While some RA patients may have skin changes, a malar rash is not a typical manifestation of RA.
B.   Morning stiffness is a hallmark symptom of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Patients often experience stiffness in their joints after periods of inactivity, particularly in the morning, which typically lasts for at least 30 minutes and can improve with movement.
C.   Swan neck deformities are specific joint deformities seen in RA, where there is hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joints and flexion of the distal interphalangeal joints. This is a common feature in advanced cases of RA.
D.   : RA typically presents with symmetrical joint involvement. This means that if one side is affected, the opposite side is likely to be similarly affected, leading to bilateral joint deformities.
E.   While joint pain can occur at rest, RA is more characterized by pain and stiffness during periods of inactivity and improvement with movement. However, as the disease progresses, patients may experience pain even at rest.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While it’s important to provide reassurance, this option does not directly address the acute symptoms of respiratory distress and hypotension. Monitoring blood pressure is essential, but immediate action to treat the underlying issue is more critical.
B. This is the priority intervention in the case of suspected anaphylaxis. Epinephrine acts quickly to counteract severe allergic reactions, relieving bronchospasm, increasing heart rate, and raising blood pressure. Given the patient's wheezing and hypotension, administering epinephrine is crucial.
C. Administering oxygen can be beneficial, especially if the patient is experiencing respiratory distress. However, it does not address the potential anaphylactic reaction or the drop in blood pressure directly. It should be part of the management but not the priority.
D. Elevating the head of the bed can help improve breathing, especially if the patient is in respiratory distress. However, this action alone does not address the potential life-threatening aspects of anaphylaxis.

A. Ensure that patients with AB+ blood type only receive blood from AB type donors B. Finish transfusing PRBC's within 2 hours C. Remain with the patient during the first 15 minutes of the infusion D. Double check the blood product against the patient blood band with another RN E. Prime blood tubing with normal saline (NS)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Individuals with AB+ blood type can receive blood from any donor type (A, B, AB, or O) because they have no antibodies against A or B antigens. The safest practice is to provide the most compatible blood type, but AB+ recipients are considered universal recipients.
B. To minimize the risk of bacterial growth and transfusion reactions, packed red blood cells (PRBCs) should be transfused within 2 hours of starting the infusion. It’s important to monitor the patient closely during this time.
C. The first 15 minutes of a blood transfusion are critical for observing any immediate adverse reactions. The nurse should stay with the patient during this time to monitor vital signs and assess for any signs of a transfusion reaction.
D. A crucial safety step is to verify the blood product against the patient’s blood band with another registered nurse (RN). This helps prevent errors related to mismatched blood transfusions, which can be life-threatening.
E. Blood transfusion tubing should be primed with normal saline to ensure that the blood product flows properly and to maintain patency. Normal saline is used because it is compatible with blood products and does not cause hemolysis.

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Which of the following are common signs and symptoms that can be present when your patient has Rheumatoid Arthritis? (Select all that apply)

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Explanation

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