Which of the following are physical changes that occur in middle adulthood? Select all that apply.

Increased subcutaneous fat

Increased skin turgor and moisture

Decreased bone density

The skin is more elastic

Muscle mass gradually decreases

Decreased auditory acuity

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E,F

A. Increased subcutaneous fat: Middle adulthood often sees an increase in fat deposits, particularly around the abdomen, due to changes in metabolism and hormonal shifts.

B. Increased skin turgor and moisture: Incorrect. Aging typically leads to decreased skin turgor and moisture, causing the skin to become drier and less elastic.

C. Decreased bone density: Bone density generally decreases due to reduced bone remodeling, increasing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis.

D. The skin is more elastic: Incorrect. Skin elasticity usually decreases with age, resulting in wrinkles and sagging.

E. Muscle mass gradually decreases: Muscle mass tends to decline with age, a condition known as sarcopenia, leading to reduced strength and physical capability.

F. Decreased auditory acuity: Hearing loss, particularly high-frequency hearing loss, is common as people age due to changes in the inner ear and other auditory structures

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Inspection: Inspection is always the first step in any physical examination, including abdominal assessments. It allows the nurse to visually assess the abdomen for distension, asymmetry, discoloration, or other abnormalities.

B. Percussion: Percussion is performed after inspection and auscultation. It helps assess the density of abdominal contents but should not be the first step.

C. Palpation: Palpation is performed last in an abdominal exam to avoid altering bowel sounds and causing discomfort. It should be done after inspection, auscultation, and percussion.

D. Auscultation: Auscultation is typically the second step after inspection to listen for bowel sounds before palpation and percussion, which might alter them.

A. Pincer grasp B. Rolls from tummy to back C. Walks with support D. Rolls from back to tummy

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Pincer grasp: The pincer grasp, which involves using the thumb and forefinger to pick up small objects, typically develops around 8 to 12 months of age, not at 4 months.

B. Rolls from tummy to back: At 4 months, many infants start to develop the ability to roll from their tummy to their back. This is a typical milestone for this age and reflects developing motor skills.

C. Walks with support: Walking with support usually begins around 9 to 12 months of age, much later than 4 months.

D. Rolls from back to tummy: Rolling from back to tummy typically occurs a bit later, often around 5 to 6 months. At 4 months, rolling from tummy to back is the more expected milestone.

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Which of the following are physical changes that occur in middle adulthood? Select all that apply.

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