Which of the following interventions may be useful when trying to improve the self-concept of an older adult?

Choice A reason: This is not the correct answer. Depression is a mental disorder that affects the mood, thoughts, and behavior of the client. It causes persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness, as well as loss of interest, motivation, or pleasure in activities. Depression may cause some physical symptoms, such as fatigue, insomnia, or weight changes, but it does not cause dry eyes or frequent urination.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that affects the muscles, joints, and nerves of the client. It causes widespread pain, stiffness, and tenderness, as well as fatigue, sleep problems, and cognitive difficulties. Fibromyalgia may cause some symptoms that overlap with menopause, such as dry eyes or weight gain, but it does not cause frequent urination.

Choice C reason: This is the best answer. Menopause is the natural transition that occurs when the ovaries stop producing eggs and hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone. It causes the menstrual cycle to end, and the client to experience various physical and emotional changes. Menopause may cause symptoms such as dry eyes, fatigue, poor sleep patterns, weight gain, and frequent urination, as well as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer. Dehydration is a condition that occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. It causes the blood volume and pressure to drop, and the body to function less efficiently. Dehydration may cause symptoms such as fatigue, dry mouth, headache, and dizziness, but it does not cause dry eyes, weight gain, or frequent urination. In fact, dehydration may cause the opposite of frequent urination, which is reduced or dark urine.

Choice A reason: This is not the statement that the nurse will prioritize. The client may want the instructions written out for convenience or clarity, but it does not indicate their level of self-efficacy.

Choice B reason: This is not the statement that the nurse will prioritize. The client may not have changed the dressing by themselves yet, but it does not mean that they cannot do it. The client may just need more practice or guidance.

Choice C reason: This is not the statement that the nurse will prioritize. The client may want their son to help them for emotional or physical support, but it does not reflect their self-efficacy.

Choice D reason: This is the statement that the nurse will prioritize. The client expresses a negative belief about their ability to perform the dressing change. This indicates that the client has low self-efficacy, which is the confidence in one's ability to accomplish a specific task. The nurse should address this statement by providing positive feedback, encouragement, and reassurance to the client. The nurse should also demonstrate the steps of the dressing change and allow the client to practice under supervision.