Which of the following is a common sign and symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Choice a reason: Washing the perineum every 8 hours is not a specific recommendation for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Maintaining good personal hygiene is important, but washing the perineum every 8 hours is not necessary. Regular daily hygiene, including cleaning the perineal area thoroughly, is sufficient to help prevent UTIs.
Choice b reason: Avoid drinking cranberry juice is incorrect. Cranberry juice is often recommended as a preventive measure for UTIs. It is believed to help prevent bacteria from adhering to the walls of the urinary tract, reducing the risk of infection. Drinking cranberry juice or taking cranberry supplements can be part of a strategy to prevent UTIs.
Choice c reason: Drinking large amounts of caffeine is not recommended for preventing UTIs. Caffeine can irritate the bladder and may contribute to urinary frequency and urgency, which are not helpful in preventing infections. Staying well-hydrated with water is more beneficial for urinary health.
Choice d reason: Voiding frequently is an important preventive measure for UTIs. Regularly emptying the bladder helps flush out bacteria that could cause an infection. Holding urine for extended periods can increase the risk of bacterial growth and infection.
Choice e reason: Voiding after sexual intercourse is recommended to help prevent UTIs. This practice helps flush out any bacteria that may have been introduced into the urinary tract during intercourse. It is a simple and effective way to reduce the risk of developing a UTI.

Choice a reason: Cleansing the area with hot water and soap is not recommended for managing skin irritation around the stoma. Hot water can further irritate the skin and soap may strip away natural oils, exacerbating the irritation. The skin around the stoma is sensitive and requires gentle care with mild cleansers and lukewarm water to prevent further irritation and damage.
Choice b reason: Avoiding the use of any type of moisturizer or lotion on the skin is not appropriate for managing skin irritation around the stoma. While certain products might not be suitable, using a proper moisturizer can help to soothe and protect the irritated skin. It's essential to choose a skin-compatible product designed for use around stomas to maintain skin health and prevent further irritation.
Choice c reason: Applying a protective barrier cream or paste around the stoma is the most appropriate intervention for managing skin irritation. These products create a protective layer between the skin and the ostomy appliance, reducing friction and irritation. They help to maintain the integrity of the skin, promote healing, and prevent further complications. Barrier creams and pastes are specifically formulated for use around stomas and are effective in protecting sensitive skin.
Choice d reason: Using adhesive tape to tightly secure the ostomy bag is not recommended for managing skin irritation around the stoma. Tightly applied adhesive tape can cause additional pressure and irritation to the already sensitive skin. Instead, it is better to use an ostomy appliance that fits well and is designed to adhere gently to the skin without causing irritation or damage. Proper fitting and gentle adhesion are key to preventing skin issues around the stoma.