Which of the following is an essential role of calcium?
Blood clotting
Acid buffering
Extracellular osmotic pressure
ATP production
The Correct Answer is A
A. Calcium plays a critical role in blood clotting. It is involved in the coagulation cascade and is necessary for the activation of clotting factors that help stop bleeding.
B. Calcium is not involved in acid buffering. This function is primarily carried out by buffers such as bicarbonate in the blood.
C. While calcium does help regulate some functions of cells and tissues, it does not primarily contribute to extracellular osmotic pressure; this is more a function of proteins and other ions.
D. ATP production mainly occurs in mitochondria and is driven by the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids, not by calcium directly. Calcium does, however, play a role in cellular processes like muscle contraction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Peristalsis, the wave-like contraction of the digestive tract, is typically decreased during sympathetic stimulation. The sympathetic nervous system tends to slow digestive processes as the body prioritizes "fight-or-flight" responses.
B. Bladder tone is typically decreased by sympathetic stimulation. The sympathetic nervous system causes relaxation of the bladder, inhibiting urination during stressful situations.
C. Heart rate increases with sympathetic stimulation. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, enhancing blood flow to muscles, and increasing energy levels.
D. Saliva production decreases with sympathetic stimulation. The body reduces non-essential functions such as salivation during stress, focusing energy on immediate survival functions.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The number of hair follicles does not increase with age. In fact, there is a gradual decrease in the number of hair follicles as one ages.
B. Decreased sebum production is a common skin change associated with aging. Sebum helps keep the skin moisturized, and as its production decreases with age, the skin tends to become drier.
C. Skin elasticity actually decreases with age due to the breakdown of collagen and elastin fibers, leading to wrinkles and sagging.
D. Epidermal permeability tends to increase with age, as the skin becomes thinner and more fragile, making it easier for substances to pass through.
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