Which of the following is important for the nurse to assess and monitor in a patient prescribed metformin (Glucophage)? (Select All that Apply.)

Presence of renal or hepatic disease

Fluid retention

Need for diagnostic tests involving use of contrast dyes

Weight gain

Presence of heart failure

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A. Presence of renal or hepatic disease: Metformin, commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes, is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Patients with renal impairment are at increased risk of metformin accumulation, potentially leading to lactic acidosis. Assessing for the presence of renal or hepatic disease helps determine the appropriate dosage of metformin and reduces the risk of adverse effects.
B. Fluid retention: Metformin does not typically cause fluid retention; however, monitoring for signs of fluid retention is important, especially in patients with underlying conditions such as heart failure, as fluid retention can exacerbate their condition.
C. Need for diagnostic tests involving the use of contrast dyes: Metformin can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, particularly in patients undergoing procedures involving contrast dyes. Temporarily discontinuing metformin before such procedures reduces the risk of adverse effects.
D. Weight gain: Metformin is associated with weight neutrality or even modest weight loss. Monitoring weight changes can help assess treatment response and overall health.
E. Presence of heart failure: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with severe heart failure due to the potential risk of lactic acidosis. Assessing for the presence of heart failure helps ensure safe prescribing practices and avoids potential complications associated with metformin use in this population.

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Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

A. Insulin: Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
B. Growth hormone: Growth hormone is produced by the pituitary gland, not the pancreas. It can affect blood glucose levels indirectly but is not a pancreatic hormone.
C. Estrogen: Estrogen is produced primarily by the ovaries, not the pancreas. It does not directly regulate blood glucose levels.
D. Glucagon: Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas and raises blood glucose levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
E. Antidiuretic hormone: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. It regulates water balance in the body, not blood glucose levels.

A. "Type 2 diabetes" B. Neither-they both result from the inability of the body to use insulin C. "Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes" D. "Type 1 diabetes"

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Type 2 diabetes": Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency but not by a complete lack of insulin production.
B. Neither-they both result from the inability of the body to use insulin: This is incorrect as Type 1 diabetes results from the pancreas not producing insulin, while Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance.
C. "Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes": This is incorrect as only Type 1 diabetes is caused by no insulin secretion. Type 2 diabetes involves different pathophysiological mechanisms.
D. "Type 1 diabetes": Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the pancreas's inability to produce insulin due to autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. This type of diabetes requires insulin therapy for management.

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Which of the following is important for the nurse to assess and monitor in a patient prescribed metformin (Glucophage)? (Select All that Apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which hormones that regulate blood glucose levels are secreted by the pancreas? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","D"]

Explanation

The client asks the nurse which type of diabetes is caused by no insulin secretion by the pancreas. What is the best response by the nurse?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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