Which of the following is incorrect?
Urine concentration and volume are determined by countercurrent mechanisms
The kidneys produce a large volume of dilute urine when overhydrated.
The concentration of urine is lower when urine volume is reduced.
The kidneys produce a small volume of concentrated urine when dehydrated.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Urine concentration and volume are determined by countercurrent mechanisms: The countercurrent multiplier (nephron loop) and countercurrent exchanger (vasa recta) help establish a medullary osmotic gradient that allows for urine concentration or dilution.
B. The kidneys produce a large volume of dilute urine when overhydrated: In overhydration, ADH secretion is suppressed, leading to reduced water reabsorption and a larger volume of dilute urine.
C. The concentration of urine is lower when urine volume is reduced: This is incorrect. When urine volume is reduced (e.g., dehydration), the urine is more concentrated, not less.
D. The kidneys produce a small volume of concentrated urine when dehydrated: In dehydration, ADH is secreted, causing increased water reabsorption, resulting in concentrated urine with low volume.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
True: When the ECF becomes hypertonic due to water loss (e.g., dehydration), water moves out of the cells into the ECF by osmosis, causing cellular shrinkage.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Lipid absorption: Absorption occurs in the small intestine after fats have been digested into smaller molecules. Bile salts do not absorb lipids directly.
B. Lipid emulsification: Bile salts break large fat globules into smaller droplets in a process called emulsification, which increases the surface area for digestive enzymes like lipase to act.
C. Lipid ingestion: Ingestion refers to eating, not the chemical processing of fats.
D. Lipid digestion: Digestion is primarily performed by lipase, not bile salts. Bile salts prepare fats for digestion.
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