Specific enteroendocrine cells of the stomach, called G cells, are stimulated by partially digested proteins, caffeine, and rising pH. When stimulated, G cells secrete
gastrin
pepsin
ghrelin
hydrochloric acid
The Correct Answer is A
A. Gastrin: G cells secrete gastrin, a hormone that stimulates parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid and promotes gastric motility. It is released in response to food components like peptides, caffeine, and a rise in pH.
B. Pepsin: Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins, but it is secreted as pepsinogen by chief cells, not G cells.
C. Ghrelin: Ghrelin is a hunger-stimulating hormone, secreted primarily by cells in the stomach fundus, not by G cells.
D. Hydrochloric acid: Hydrochloric acid is secreted by parietal cells, not G cells.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Decreased urine volume: ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, leading to less water in the urine and decreased urine output.
B. Decreased urine molarity: ADH leads to more concentrated (higher molarity) urine, not less.
C. Increased urine volume: ADH reduces urine volume, not increases it.
D. Increased urine salinity: ADH affects water, not salt. Salinity may change indirectly, but this is not a direct effect.
E. Increased urine acidity: Urine acidity is influenced by hydrogen ion excretion, not directly by ADH.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Involves hypothalamic osmoreceptor detection of ion concentration: Osmoreceptors detect osmolarity (solute concentration), not specifically sodium regulation.
B. Is due to specific sodium receptors in the hypothalamus: There are no specific sodium receptors; sodium regulation is largely hormonal.
C. Is linked to blood pressure: Sodium levels affect blood volume and pressure through water retention. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) helps regulate both sodium and blood pressure.
D. Involves aldosterone, a hormone that increases sodium excretion in the kidneys: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, not excretion.
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