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Which of the following options correctly identifies the major forms of malnutrition?

Undernutrition and nutrient toxicity

Overnutrition and undernutrition

Caloric excess and vitamin overdose

Overnutrition and micronutrient toxicity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Undernutrition and nutrient toxicity

While nutrient toxicity can cause harm, it is not one of the major categories of malnutrition.

B. Overnutrition and undernutrition

The two major forms of malnutrition are: Undernutrition (lack of calories, protein, or micronutrients) and overnutrition (excess calorie intake leading to overweight or obesity).

C. Caloric excess and vitamin overdose

These are specific conditions, not the broad categories of malnutrition.

D. Overnutrition and micronutrient toxicity

Micronutrient toxicity is not one of the primary classifications of malnutrition.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Metabolism

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body that maintain life, including those that break down nutrients for energy and those that build new cellular components.

B. Anabolism

Anabolism refers to the building up of complex molecules from simpler ones (e.g., protein synthesis), but it is just one part of overall metabolism.

C. Catabolism

Catabolism is the breakdown of molecules to release energy (e.g., digestion), but it’s also just one half of metabolism.

D. Health promotion

Health promotion refers to activities that improve health and prevent disease, not chemical changes in the body.

A. "You need to weigh yourself multiple times a day to stay accountable." B. "Try to set small, realistic goals like walking 10 minutes a day and gradually increasing time and/or steps, a step tracker is a great tool to monitor your progress" C. "Focus only on calorie counting to change your eating habits." D. "You should avoid all your favorite foods to ensure weight loss success."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "You need to weigh yourself multiple times a day to stay accountable."

Weighing multiple times a day can lead to obsession, anxiety, and is not recommended.

B. "Try to set small, realistic goals like walking 10 minutes a day and gradually increasing time and/or steps, a step tracker is a great tool to monitor your progress."

This reflects SMART goal setting and self-monitoring, both are effective behavior modification techniques.

C. "Focus only on calorie counting to change your eating habits."

Calorie counting alone does not promote long-term behavior change. A holistic approach is more effective.

D. "You should avoid all your favorite foods to ensure weight loss success."

Restricting all favorite foods can lead to cravings and binge eating. Moderation is encouraged.

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Which of the following options correctly identifies the major forms of malnutrition?

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