Which of the following responses indicate that the nurse understands the first-pass effect?

Medication routes that are affected by the first-pass effect include intravenous, intramuscular, and intradermal.

Enteric-coated tablets and capsules are affected by the first-pass effect except a pharmacologic effect.

The first-pass effect is when the liver activates all medications on their first pass through the liver.

Enteral medications may need a higher dose due to the first-pass effect.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

Intravenous, intramuscular, and intradermal routes bypass the first-pass effect as they do not pass through the liver first.

Choice B rationale

Enteric-coated tablets and capsules are designed to bypass the stomach and dissolve in the intestines, reducing the first-pass effect.

Choice C rationale

The first-pass effect involves the liver metabolizing and inactivating a portion of the medication on its first pass through the liver.

Choice D rationale

Enteral medications, which pass through the digestive system, may require higher doses due to the first-pass effect where the liver metabolizes the medication before it reaches systemic circulation. .

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Waiting at least 5 minutes between puffs allows the first dose to take effect, optimizing absorption and reducing side effects when different inhaled medications are used.

Choice B rationale

Waiting 10 minutes between puffs is unnecessary and might reduce adherence to treatment due to the prolonged interval.

Choice C rationale

"None of the above" does not provide a valid education point for using metered-dose inhalers.

Choice D rationale

"All of the above" is incorrect as it includes a recommendation that is not necessary (waiting 10 minutes). .

A. Raloxifene. B. Heparin. C. Digoxin. D. Warfarin.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by mimicking estrogen's beneficial effects on bone density.

Choice B rationale

Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent and treat blood clots, not osteoporosis.

Choice C rationale

Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used to treat heart failure and arrhythmias, not osteoporosis.

Choice D rationale

Warfarin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots and not indicated for osteoporosis treatment.

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Which of the following responses indicate that the nurse understands the first-pass effect?

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